Poly- and Oligosaccharide Ulva sp. Fractions from Enzyme-Assisted Extraction Modulate the Metabolism of Extracellular Matrix in Human Skin Fibroblasts: Potential in Anti-Aging Dermo-Cosmetic Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Poly- and Oligosaccharide Fractions of Ulva sp. from EAE Exhibit Different Biochemical Composition and Molecular Weight Distribution
2.2. Poly- and Oligosaccharide Fractions of Ulva sp. Stimulate Metabolic Activity But Do Not Affect the Viability of Fibroblasts
2.3. Poly- and Oligosaccharide Fractions of Ulva sp. Stimulate Extracellular Matrix Metabolism in Fibroblasts
2.4. Poly- and Oligosaccharide Fractions of Ulva sp. Differentially Modulate ECM Gene Expression of Fibroblasts
3. Discussion
3.1. Action of Poly- and Oligosaccharide Ulva Fractions from EAE on ECM Fibroblasts Metabolism
3.2. Role of the Ulvan Abundance, Sulfate Composition and Molecular Weight in ECM Fibroblast Modulation
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Macroalgal Material
4.2. Poly- and Oligosaccharide Fractions Production and Characterization
4.3. Cell Culture
4.4. WST-1 Cell Proliferation Assay
4.5. LDH Cytotoxicity Assay
4.6. Alcian Blue Staining for Glycosaminoglycans Quantification
4.7. Red Sirius Staining for Total Collagen Quantification
4.8. Type I Collagen and MMP-1 ELISAs
4.9. Western Blot
4.10. Zymography
4.11. RNA Isolation and Real-Time RT-PCR
4.12. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Polysaccharide Fractions | Oligosaccharide Fractions | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
UE | DS-UE | DEP-HD PP-UE | DEP-AD PP-UE | ||
Composition (% dry weight) | Carbohydrates | 23.5 ± 0.5 | 37.4 ± 0.2 | 24.4 ± 0.4 | 30.4 ± 0.2 |
Uronic acids | 18.5 ± 0.6 | 37.0 ± 0.7 | 21.6 ± 0.4 | 30.8 ± 1.0 | |
Sulfate groups | 29.9 ± 0.5 | 49.1 ± 1.0 | 6.6 ± 0.1 | Not detected | |
Proteins | 10.5 ± 0.4 | 12.8 ± 0.2 | 16.8 ± 0.4 | 12.8 ± 1.0 | |
Monosaccharide composition (% carbohydrates) | Rhamnose | 50.4 ± 6.0 | 50.2 ± 2.2 | 44.9 | 55.4 ± 2.3 |
Glucuronic acid | 10.6 ± 0.9 | 11.9 ± 0.3 | 7.5 | 11.0 ± 0.7 | |
Glucose | 14.0 ± 1.2 | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 4.9 | 7.0 ± 0.4 | |
Xylose | 3.2 ± 0.2 | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 2.1 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | |
Mw or weight-averaged Molecular weight (kDa) | >670 | 8 | 1.5 |
Gene of Interest | UE | DS-UE | DEP-HD PP-UE | DEP-AD PP-UE |
---|---|---|---|---|
COL1A1 | − ** | − ** | − ** | − * |
COL1A2 | + NS | = | − NS | − * |
COL3A1 | + * | + * | + NS | = |
MMP-1 | + * | + NS | + NS | + NS |
TIMP-1 | = | = | = | = |
Fraction Name | Description | |
---|---|---|
Polysaccharide fractions | UE | Fraction rich in crude ulvans from EAE |
DS-UE | Dialyzed fraction rich in crude ulvans from EAE | |
Oligosaccharide fractions | DEP-HD PP-UE | Depolymerized fraction rich in crude ulvans from EAE by radical H2O2 procedure |
DEP-AD PP-UE | Depolymerized fraction rich in crude ulvans from EAE by Amberlite acidic ion-exchange resin procedure |
Gene of Interest | Unique Assay ID | Amplicon Length (bp) | Chromosome Location |
---|---|---|---|
RPL13A | qHsaCED0020417 | 118 | 19:49995272-49995419 |
COL1A1 | qHsaCED0043248 | 113 | 17:48277174-48278779 |
COL1A2 | qHsaCED0003988 | 139 | 7:94060134-94060302 |
COL3A1 | qHsaCED0046560 | 107 | 2:189873813-189874905 |
MMP-1 | qHsaCED0048106 | 102 | 11:102666225-102667412 |
TIMP-1 | qHsaCED0042919 | 70 | X:47442907-47444405 |
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Fournière, M.; Bedoux, G.; Lebonvallet, N.; Leschiera, R.; Le Goff-Pain, C.; Bourgougnon, N.; Latire, T. Poly- and Oligosaccharide Ulva sp. Fractions from Enzyme-Assisted Extraction Modulate the Metabolism of Extracellular Matrix in Human Skin Fibroblasts: Potential in Anti-Aging Dermo-Cosmetic Applications. Mar. Drugs 2021, 19, 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19030156
Fournière M, Bedoux G, Lebonvallet N, Leschiera R, Le Goff-Pain C, Bourgougnon N, Latire T. Poly- and Oligosaccharide Ulva sp. Fractions from Enzyme-Assisted Extraction Modulate the Metabolism of Extracellular Matrix in Human Skin Fibroblasts: Potential in Anti-Aging Dermo-Cosmetic Applications. Marine Drugs. 2021; 19(3):156. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19030156
Chicago/Turabian StyleFournière, Mathilde, Gilles Bedoux, Nicolas Lebonvallet, Raphaël Leschiera, Claudie Le Goff-Pain, Nathalie Bourgougnon, and Thomas Latire. 2021. "Poly- and Oligosaccharide Ulva sp. Fractions from Enzyme-Assisted Extraction Modulate the Metabolism of Extracellular Matrix in Human Skin Fibroblasts: Potential in Anti-Aging Dermo-Cosmetic Applications" Marine Drugs 19, no. 3: 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19030156