Cytotoxic Effects of Sarcophyton sp. Soft Corals—Is There a Correlation to Their NMR Fingerprints?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Selection and Quantification of Terpene/Sterol NMR Signals
2.2. Multivariate Data Analysis of the Targeted Metabolite Profiling by qNMR of Soft Corals
2.3. Cytotoxic Activity of Soft Corals
2.4. Metabolite/Metabolite and Metabolite/Cytotoxicity Correlation Analysis
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Soft Coral Material Collection and Identification
4.2. Chemicals and Reagents
4.3. Soft Coral Extraction, Sample Preparation, and NMR Analyses
4.4. NMR Quantification
- mT: mass of the target compound [µg] in the solution used for 1H NMR measurement
- MT: molecular weight of the target compound [g/mol]
- IT: relative integral value of the 1H NMR signal of the target compound
- ISt: relative integral value of the 1H NMR signal of the standard compound
- xSt: number of protons belonging to the 1H NMR signal of the standard compound
- xT: number of protons belonging to the 1H NMR signal of the target compound
- cSt: concentration of internal standard (HMDS) in the solution used for 1H NMR measurement [mmol/L]
- vSt: volume of solution used for 1H NMR measurement [mL]
4.5. Cytotoxicity Assay
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Ethical Approval
References
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Variables | N1 | N2-3 | N4 | N5 | N6 | PC3 | HT29 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N1 | 0.064 | 0.246 | 0.393 | 0.236 | 0.061 | 0.031 | |
N2-3 | 0.167 | 0.599 | 0.512 | 0.735 | 0.297 | 0.235 | |
N4 | 0.411 | 0.532 | 0.878 | 0.884 | 0.501 | 0.434 | |
N5 | 0.572 | 0.481 | 0.864 | 0.826 | 0.435 | 0.224 | |
N6 | 0.294 | 0.721 | 0.839 | 0.764 | 0.485 | 0.359 | |
PC3 | 0.268 | 0.128 | 0.340 | 0.316 | 0.404 | 0.638 | |
HT29 | −0.079 | −0.079 | 0.279 | 0.026 | 0.225 | 0.565 |
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Farag, M.A.; Fekry, M.I.; Al-Hammady, M.A.; Khalil, M.N.; El-Seedi, H.R.; Meyer, A.; Porzel, A.; Westphal, H.; Wessjohann, L.A. Cytotoxic Effects of Sarcophyton sp. Soft Corals—Is There a Correlation to Their NMR Fingerprints? Mar. Drugs 2017, 15, 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15070211
Farag MA, Fekry MI, Al-Hammady MA, Khalil MN, El-Seedi HR, Meyer A, Porzel A, Westphal H, Wessjohann LA. Cytotoxic Effects of Sarcophyton sp. Soft Corals—Is There a Correlation to Their NMR Fingerprints? Marine Drugs. 2017; 15(7):211. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15070211
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarag, Mohamed A., Mostafa I. Fekry, Montasser A. Al-Hammady, Mohamed N. Khalil, Hesham R. El-Seedi, Achim Meyer, Andrea Porzel, Hildegard Westphal, and Ludger A. Wessjohann. 2017. "Cytotoxic Effects of Sarcophyton sp. Soft Corals—Is There a Correlation to Their NMR Fingerprints?" Marine Drugs 15, no. 7: 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15070211