Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 [clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9], basically a bacterial immune system, is now widely applicable to engineer genomes of a number of cells and organisms because of its simplicity and robustness. In research avenue the system has been optimized to regulate gene expression, modify epigenome and edit target locus. These applications make CRISPR/Cas9 a technology of choice to edit disease causing mutations as well as the epigenome more efficiently than ever before. Meanwhile its application in in vivo and ex vivo cells is encouraging the scientific community for more vigorous gene therapy and in clinical setups for therapeutic genome editing. Here we review the recent advances that CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing has achieved and is reported in previous studies and address the challenges associated with it.