Oleanolic Acid Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Regulation of the GSK-3β/HO-1 Signaling Pathway
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. OA-Mediated Suppression of OGD/R-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells
2.2. OA Regulates GSK-3β/HO-1 Pathway in OGD/R-Induced SH-SY5Y Cells
2.3. OA Administration Attenuated Neurological Deficits and Cerebral Infarction in MCAO Rats
2.4. OA Administration Reduced Neuronal Damage in MCAO Rats
2.5. OA Administration Reduced Cellular Apoptosis in MCAO Rats
2.6. OA Administration Regulated GSK-3β/HO-1 Signaling Pathway
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture and the OGD/R Model
4.2. MTT Assay
4.3. Measurement of ROS in Cells
4.4. Western Blot Assay
4.5. Animals and OA Administration
4.6. MCAO Procedure
4.7. Neurological Deficit Assessment and Brain Tissue Collection
4.8. TTC Staining
4.9. Nissl and Immunofluorescent Staining
4.10. TUNEL Staining
4.11. ROS Quantification in Tissue
4.12. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lin, K.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Zhu, P.; Jiang, X.; Wang, Y.; Deng, Q.; Lam Yung, K.K.; Zhang, S. Oleanolic Acid Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Regulation of the GSK-3β/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15010001
Lin K, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhu P, Jiang X, Wang Y, Deng Q, Lam Yung KK, Zhang S. Oleanolic Acid Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Regulation of the GSK-3β/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals. 2022; 15(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Kaili, Zhang Zhang, Zhu Zhang, Peili Zhu, Xiaoli Jiang, Ying Wang, Qiudi Deng, Ken Kin Lam Yung, and Shiqing Zhang. 2022. "Oleanolic Acid Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Regulation of the GSK-3β/HO-1 Signaling Pathway" Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15010001