The Statistical Meaning of Kurtosis and Its New Application to Identification of Persons Based on Seismic Signals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The statistical meaning of kurtosis
- 1)
- Cum4 (ax+ b) = a4Cum4 (x), so ks(x) is invariant by any linear transformation ks(ax+b)=ks(x)
- 2)
- Let p(x) = pe (x) + po (x), where pe (x) is even and po (x) is odd. It is easy to prove that ks(x) only depends on pe (x) and that pe (x) can be considered as a pdf.
3. The new application of kurtosis
3.1. Simulation results
3.2. Kurtosis for background noise, tracklayer and truck
3.3. Kurtosis for person
- 1)
- The kurtosis of impulsive signals is far beyond 5;
- 2)
- The kurtosis of non-impulsive signals is below 5;
- 3)
- The values of kurtosis are independent of the geologic features and are only dependent on the feature of signals.
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References and notes
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X | freq A | freq B | freq C | freq D | freq E | freq F | freq G |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
05 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 05 | 03 | 01 |
10 | 00 | 10 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
15 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 05 | 03 | 01 |
Kurtosis | −2.0 | −1.75 | −1.5 | −1.0 | 0.0 | 1.33 | 8.0 |
Variance | 25 | 20 | 16.6 | 12.5 | 8.3 | 5.77 | 2.27 |
Distribution | Kurtosis excess |
---|---|
Bernoulli distribution | |
Beta distribution | |
Binomial distribution | |
Chi-squared distribution | |
Fisher-Tippett distribution | |
Gamma distribution | |
Geometric distribution | |
Half-normal distribution | |
Laplace distribution | 3 |
Log normal distribution | e4S2 + 2e3S2 + 3e2S2 −6 |
Maxwell distribution | |
Negative binomial distribution | |
Normal distribution | 0 |
Poisson distribution | |
Rayleigh distribution | |
Student's t-distribution | |
Continuous uniform distribution | |
Discrete uniform distribution |
X | Freq. A | Freq. B | Freq. C | Freq. D | Freq. E | Freq. F | Freq. G |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
–6.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
–0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
1.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
2.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3.9 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
4.4 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
10 | 0 | 10 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
15 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
15.6 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
16.1 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
17.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
18.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
20.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
26.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Kurtosis | −2.0 | −1.75 | −1.5 | −1.0 | 0.0 | 1.33 | 8.0 |
Variance | 25 | 25.1 | 24.8 | 25.2 | 25.2 | 25.0 | 25.1 |
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Liang, Z.; Wei, J.; Zhao, J.; Liu, H.; Li, B.; Shen, J.; Zheng, C. The Statistical Meaning of Kurtosis and Its New Application to Identification of Persons Based on Seismic Signals. Sensors 2008, 8, 5106-5119. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8085106
Liang Z, Wei J, Zhao J, Liu H, Li B, Shen J, Zheng C. The Statistical Meaning of Kurtosis and Its New Application to Identification of Persons Based on Seismic Signals. Sensors. 2008; 8(8):5106-5119. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8085106
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang, Zhiqiang, Jianming Wei, Junyu Zhao, Haitao Liu, Baoqing Li, Jie Shen, and Chunlei Zheng. 2008. "The Statistical Meaning of Kurtosis and Its New Application to Identification of Persons Based on Seismic Signals" Sensors 8, no. 8: 5106-5119. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8085106
APA StyleLiang, Z., Wei, J., Zhao, J., Liu, H., Li, B., Shen, J., & Zheng, C. (2008). The Statistical Meaning of Kurtosis and Its New Application to Identification of Persons Based on Seismic Signals. Sensors, 8(8), 5106-5119. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8085106