Next Article in Journal
Movable Antenna-Enabled RIS-Assisted Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer Systems
Previous Article in Journal
Localization of Radio Signal Sources for Situational Awareness Enhancement
Previous Article in Special Issue
Received Signal Strength Indicator Measurements and Simulations for Radio Frequency Identification Tag Identification and Location in Beehives
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Sensors
Volume 25
Issue 23
10.3390/s25237400
sensors-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Coverage-Conflict-Aware RFID Reader Placement with Range Adjustment for Complete Tag Coverage in IIoT †

by
Chien-Fu Cheng
1,* and
Bo-Yan Liao
2
1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
2
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
This article is an extended version of the conference paper published as: C.-F. Cheng and B.-Y. Liao, “An Enhanced Approach for RFID Reader Deployment in Industrial IoT Systems with Collision Avoidance and Optimized Coverage,” Proc. of IEEE DSA, pp. 10–11, 2023.
Sensors 2025, 25(23), 7400; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25237400
Submission received: 31 October 2025 / Revised: 28 November 2025 / Accepted: 29 November 2025 / Published: 4 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue RFID and Zero-Power Backscatter Sensors)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a core enabler of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), yet dense deployments suffer from tag collisions and reader interference that degrade reliability and inflate infrastructure cost. This study proposes a deterministic Reader Deployment Algorithm with Adjustable Reader range (RDA2R) to achieve full tag coverage with minimal interference and reader usage. The method divides the monitored field into grid units, evaluates tag coverage weights, activates high-weight readers with interference checks, and adaptively adjusts interrogation ranges. Simulation results under random and congregation tag distributions show that RDA2R requires about 46–47% fewer readers than ARLDL and 32–33% fewer than MR2D, while improving average tag coverage per reader by over 30%. These results demonstrate that RDA2R provides a scalable, interference-aware, and cost-efficient deployment strategy for RFID-enabled IIoT environments.
Keywords: radio frequency identification (RFID); industrial internet of things (IIoT); reader-to-tag interference; reader-to-reader interference; collision avoidance; deterministic reader deployment; adjustable reading range; tag coverage optimization radio frequency identification (RFID); industrial internet of things (IIoT); reader-to-tag interference; reader-to-reader interference; collision avoidance; deterministic reader deployment; adjustable reading range; tag coverage optimization

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Cheng, C.-F.; Liao, B.-Y. Coverage-Conflict-Aware RFID Reader Placement with Range Adjustment for Complete Tag Coverage in IIoT. Sensors 2025, 25, 7400. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25237400

AMA Style

Cheng C-F, Liao B-Y. Coverage-Conflict-Aware RFID Reader Placement with Range Adjustment for Complete Tag Coverage in IIoT. Sensors. 2025; 25(23):7400. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25237400

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cheng, Chien-Fu, and Bo-Yan Liao. 2025. "Coverage-Conflict-Aware RFID Reader Placement with Range Adjustment for Complete Tag Coverage in IIoT" Sensors 25, no. 23: 7400. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25237400

APA Style

Cheng, C.-F., & Liao, B.-Y. (2025). Coverage-Conflict-Aware RFID Reader Placement with Range Adjustment for Complete Tag Coverage in IIoT. Sensors, 25(23), 7400. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25237400

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop