Lava Mapping Using Sentinel-1 Data after the Occurrence of a Volcanic Eruption—The Case of Cumbre Vieja Eruption on La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Area of Interest—La Palma Volcanic Eruption
2.2. SAR Data
2.3. Methods Applied
3. Results
3.1. SAR Interferometry
3.2. Offset Tracking
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- Sentinel-1 interferograms are able to capture ground deformation related to either (a) the upwelling of magma and ground inflation a few days before the eruption, or (b) the eruptive phase.
- The relative movement towards the satellite indicated ground inflation prior to the upcoming eruption, while post-eruption deflation was accompanied by a relative movement away from the satellite.
- The multitemporal evolution of LOS displacements throughout the entire eruptive period was linked to the various eruptive phases (i.e., inflation–deflation, crystallization and cooling, etc.).
- Offset tracking was successfully used to monitor the evolution of lava flows on the island throughout the entire eruptive period.
- High lava velocities (>2 m/day) were detected.
- The analysis of the evolution of lava flows contributed to achieving a better understanding of the volcanic processes.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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a/a 1 | Date 2 | Mode 3 | Pass 4 | Track 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 02/09/2021 | SLC | ascending | 60 |
2 | 14/09/2021 | SLC | ascending | 60 |
3 | 20/09/2021 | SLC | ascending | 60 |
4 | 14/10/2021 | SLC | ascending | 60 |
5 | 07/11/2021 | SLC | ascending | 60 |
6 | 01/12/2021 | SLC | ascending | 60 |
7 | 24/01/2022 | SLC | ascending | 60 |
8 | 04/09/2021 | SLC | descending | 169 |
9 | 16/09/2021 | SLC | descending | 169 |
10 | 22/09/2021 | SLC | descending | 169 |
11 | 10/10/2021 | SLC | descending | 169 |
12 | 09/11/2021 | SLC | descending | 169 |
13 | 03/12/2021 | SLC | descending | 169 |
14 | 20/01/2022 | SLC | descending | 169 |
15 | 02/09/2021 | GRD | ascending | 60 |
16 | 08/10/2021 | GRD | ascending | 60 |
17 | 07/11/2021 | GRD | ascending | 60 |
18 | 01/12/2021 | GRD | ascending | 60 |
19 | 12/01/2022 | GRD | ascending | 60 |
20 | 04/09/2021 | GRD | descending | 169 |
21 | 10/10/2021 | GRD | descending | 169 |
22 | 09/11/2021 | GRD | descending | 169 |
23 | 03/12/2021 | GRD | descending | 169 |
24 | 08/01/2022 | GRD | descending | 169 |
a/a | Interferometric Pair | Mode | Pass | Track | Baseline (m) | Coherence | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 02/09/2021 | 14/09/2021 | SLC | ascending | 60 | −49.59 | 0.95 |
2 | 02/09/2021 | 20/09/2021 | SLC | ascending | 60 | 47.90 | 0.94 |
3 | 02/09/2021 | 14/10/2021 | SLC | ascending | 60 | −41.53 | 0.93 |
4 | 02/09/2021 | 07/11/2021 | SLC | ascending | 60 | 3.57 | 0.94 |
5 | 02/09/2021 | 01/12/2021 | SLC | ascending | 60 | 94.97 | 0.84 |
6 | 02/09/2021 | 24/01/2022 | SLC | ascending | 60 | 22.88 | 0.85 |
7 | 04/09/2021 | 16/09/2021 | SLC | descending | 169 | 5.85 | 0.98 |
8 | 04/09/2021 | 22/09/2021 | SLC | descending | 169 | −9.06 | 0.98 |
9 | 04/09/2021 | 10/10/2021 | SLC | descending | 169 | −36.00 | 0.95 |
10 | 04/09/2021 | 09/11/2021 | SLC | descending | 169 | 27.08 | 0.92 |
11 | 04/09/2021 | 03/12/2021 | SLC | descending | 169 | 47.75 | 0.88 |
12 | 04/09/2021 | 20/01/2022 | SLC | descending | 169 | 28.98 | 0.85 |
a/a | Offset Tracking Pairs | Mode | Pass | Track | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 02/09/2021 | 08/10/2021 | GRD | ascending | 60 |
2 | 02/09/2021 | 07/11/2021 | GRD | ascending | 60 |
3 | 02/09/2021 | 01/12/2021 | GRD | ascending | 60 |
4 | 02/09/2021 | 12/01/2022 | GRD | ascending | 60 |
5 | 04/09/2021 | 10/10/2021 | GRD | descending | 169 |
6 | 04/09/2021 | 09/11/2021 | GRD | descending | 169 |
7 | 04/09/2021 | 03/12/2021 | GRD | descending | 169 |
8 | 04/09/2021 | 08/01/2022 | GRD | descending | 169 |
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Kyriou, A.; Nikolakopoulos, K.G. Lava Mapping Using Sentinel-1 Data after the Occurrence of a Volcanic Eruption—The Case of Cumbre Vieja Eruption on La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. Sensors 2022, 22, 8768. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228768
Kyriou A, Nikolakopoulos KG. Lava Mapping Using Sentinel-1 Data after the Occurrence of a Volcanic Eruption—The Case of Cumbre Vieja Eruption on La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. Sensors. 2022; 22(22):8768. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228768
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyriou, Aggeliki, and Konstantinos G. Nikolakopoulos. 2022. "Lava Mapping Using Sentinel-1 Data after the Occurrence of a Volcanic Eruption—The Case of Cumbre Vieja Eruption on La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain" Sensors 22, no. 22: 8768. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228768