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Volume 26
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Retraction of Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15(6), 11040-11053.
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Retraction

RETRACTED: Azizi et al. Cellulose Nanocrystals/ZnO as a Bifunctional Reinforcing Nanocomposite for Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan Blend Films: Fabrication, Characterization and Properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 11040–11053

by
Susan Azizi
1,*,
Mansor B. Ahmad
1,*,
Nor Azowa Ibrahim
1,4,
Mohd Zobir Hussein
2 and
Farideh Namvar
3,4
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
3
Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
4
Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 9187147578, Iran
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(6), 2525; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062525
Submission received: 6 February 2025 / Accepted: 17 February 2025 / Published: 12 March 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Materials Science)
Versions Notes
The journal retracts the article, “Cellulose Nanocrystals/ZnO as a Bifunctional Reinforcing Nanocomposite for Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan Blend Films: Fabrication, Characterization and Properties” [1], cited above.
Following publication, concerns were brought to the attention of the publisher regarding the reliability of the figures presented in this article [1].
Adhering to our complaints procedure, an investigation was conducted by the Editorial Office and the Editorial Board. While the authors cooperated with the Editorial Office during the investigation, they were unable to satisfactorily explain the irregularities present in Figures 3 and 7 or provide raw material suitable for Editorial Board evaluation. As a result, the Editorial Board has lost confidence in the reliability of the findings and decided to retract this publication [1], as per MDPI’s retraction policy (https://www.mdpi.com/ethics#_bookmark30).
This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences journal. The authors agreed to this retraction.

Reference

  1. Azizi, S.; Ahmad, M.B.; Ibrahim, N.A.; Hussein, M.Z.; Namvar, F. RETRACTED: Cellulose Nanocrystals/ZnO as a Bifunctional Reinforcing Nanocomposite for Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan Blend Films: Fabrication, Characterization and Properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 11040–11053. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Azizi, S.; Ahmad, M.B.; Ibrahim, N.A.; Hussein, M.Z.; Namvar, F. RETRACTED: Azizi et al. Cellulose Nanocrystals/ZnO as a Bifunctional Reinforcing Nanocomposite for Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan Blend Films: Fabrication, Characterization and Properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 11040–11053. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 2525. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062525

AMA Style

Azizi S, Ahmad MB, Ibrahim NA, Hussein MZ, Namvar F. RETRACTED: Azizi et al. Cellulose Nanocrystals/ZnO as a Bifunctional Reinforcing Nanocomposite for Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan Blend Films: Fabrication, Characterization and Properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 11040–11053. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(6):2525. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062525

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azizi, Susan, Mansor B. Ahmad, Nor Azowa Ibrahim, Mohd Zobir Hussein, and Farideh Namvar. 2025. "RETRACTED: Azizi et al. Cellulose Nanocrystals/ZnO as a Bifunctional Reinforcing Nanocomposite for Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan Blend Films: Fabrication, Characterization and Properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 11040–11053" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 6: 2525. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062525

APA Style

Azizi, S., Ahmad, M. B., Ibrahim, N. A., Hussein, M. Z., & Namvar, F. (2025). RETRACTED: Azizi et al. Cellulose Nanocrystals/ZnO as a Bifunctional Reinforcing Nanocomposite for Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan Blend Films: Fabrication, Characterization and Properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 11040–11053. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(6), 2525. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062525

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