Influence of Atherosclerosis-Associated Risk Factors on Expression of Endothelin Receptors in Advanced Atherosclerosis
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Cohort Data and Pathological State of the Collected Specimen
2.2. Histologic Examination of Atherosclerotic Plaques and Arterial Controls
2.3. Endothelin Receptor Expression Is Reduced in Advanced Atherosclerotic Plaques
2.4. Influence of Atherosclerotic Risk Factors on ET Receptor Expression
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Subject Recruitment and Questionnaire
4.2. Surgical Procedures
4.3. RNA Isolation
4.4. Quantitative Real-Time PCR
4.5. Histology and Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BMI | Body mass index |
CI | Confidence interval |
CT | Computer tomography |
DAPI | 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole |
ETA/BR | Endothelin receptor type A/B |
ET-1 | Endothelin 1 |
ETR | Endothelin receptor |
ERA | Endothelin receptor antagonist |
MMP-2 | Matrix metalloproteinase-2 |
MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging |
NASCET | North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial |
NO | Nitric oxide |
qRT-PCR | Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction |
RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
SMA | α-Smooth muscle actin |
VSMC | Vascular smooth muscle cell |
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Type of Specimen | Healthy Artery * | Atherosclerotic Carotid Artery | Atherosclerotic Femoral Artery | Total * |
---|---|---|---|---|
female | 17 | 17 | 2 | 36 |
male | 8 | 39 | 14 | 61 |
mean age | 49 | 69 | 70 | 63 |
NASCET Score (%) | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | w/o Score but Symptomatic | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
number of specimens | 1 | 3 | 8 | 30 | 9 | 15 | 66 |
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Herbers, O.; Höltke, C.; Usai, M.V.; Hochhalter, J.; Mallik, M.; Wildgruber, M.; Helfen, A.; Stölting, M. Influence of Atherosclerosis-Associated Risk Factors on Expression of Endothelin Receptors in Advanced Atherosclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 2310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052310
Herbers O, Höltke C, Usai MV, Hochhalter J, Mallik M, Wildgruber M, Helfen A, Stölting M. Influence of Atherosclerosis-Associated Risk Factors on Expression of Endothelin Receptors in Advanced Atherosclerosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(5):2310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052310
Chicago/Turabian StyleHerbers, Oliver, Carsten Höltke, Marco Virgilio Usai, Jana Hochhalter, Moushami Mallik, Moritz Wildgruber, Anne Helfen, and Miriam Stölting. 2025. "Influence of Atherosclerosis-Associated Risk Factors on Expression of Endothelin Receptors in Advanced Atherosclerosis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 5: 2310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052310
APA StyleHerbers, O., Höltke, C., Usai, M. V., Hochhalter, J., Mallik, M., Wildgruber, M., Helfen, A., & Stölting, M. (2025). Influence of Atherosclerosis-Associated Risk Factors on Expression of Endothelin Receptors in Advanced Atherosclerosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(5), 2310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052310