Exploring the Replication and Pathogenic Characteristics of Alpha, Delta, and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Delta Variant of SARS-CoV-2 Showed More Infectivity than the Alpha or Omicron Variant in VeroE6/TMPRSS2 Cells
2.2. Delta Variant of SARS-CoV-2 Showed More Replicative and Pathogenic Characteristics than the Alpha or Omicron Variant in VeroE6/TMPRSS2 Cells
2.3. Unique Mutations in N- and Spike-Protein May Link to Increased Infectivity and Pathogenicity of the Delta Variant of SARS-CoV-2
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cells and SARS-CoV-2 Infection
4.2. Analysis of Infection Patterns of VOCs of SARS-Cov-2 by Immunofluorescence Staining and Western Blotting
4.3. Analysis of Viral Replication and Pathogenic Features of VOCs of SARS-CoV-2 by Electron Microscopy
4.4. Analysis of Pathological Features of VOCs of SARS-CoV-2 by Hematoxylin Staining
4.5. Analysis of Genomic Variations in VOCs of SARS-CoV-2
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Khan, S.; Yahiro, T.; Kimitsuki, K.; Hashimoto, T.; Matsuura, K.; Yano, S.; Noguchi, K.; Sonezaki, A.; Yoshizawa, K.; Kumasako, Y.; et al. Exploring the Replication and Pathogenic Characteristics of Alpha, Delta, and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 12641. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312641
Khan S, Yahiro T, Kimitsuki K, Hashimoto T, Matsuura K, Yano S, Noguchi K, Sonezaki A, Yoshizawa K, Kumasako Y, et al. Exploring the Replication and Pathogenic Characteristics of Alpha, Delta, and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(23):12641. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312641
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhan, Sakirul, Takaaki Yahiro, Kazunori Kimitsuki, Takehiro Hashimoto, Keiko Matsuura, Shinji Yano, Kazuko Noguchi, Akane Sonezaki, Kaori Yoshizawa, Yoko Kumasako, and et al. 2024. "Exploring the Replication and Pathogenic Characteristics of Alpha, Delta, and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 23: 12641. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312641
APA StyleKhan, S., Yahiro, T., Kimitsuki, K., Hashimoto, T., Matsuura, K., Yano, S., Noguchi, K., Sonezaki, A., Yoshizawa, K., Kumasako, Y., Akbar, S. M. F., & Nishizono, A. (2024). Exploring the Replication and Pathogenic Characteristics of Alpha, Delta, and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(23), 12641. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312641