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Volume 25
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10.3390/ijms251910445
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Article

Circadian Rhythm Genes and Their Association with Sleep and Sleep Restriction

by
Marcin Sochal
1,*,
Marta Ditmer
1,
Aleksandra Tarasiuk-Zawadzka
2,
Agata Binienda
2,
Szymon Turkiewicz
1,
Adam Wysokiński
3,
Filip Franciszek Karuga
1,
Piotr Białasiewicz
1,
Jakub Fichna
2 and
Agata Gabryelska
1
1
Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
2
Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
3
Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(19), 10445; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910445
Submission received: 7 August 2024 / Revised: 23 September 2024 / Accepted: 27 September 2024 / Published: 27 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Genetics and Genomics)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Deprivation of sleep (DS) and its effects on circadian rhythm gene expression are not well understood despite their influence on various physiological and psychological processes. This study aimed to elucidate the changes in the expression of circadian rhythm genes following a night of sleep and DS. Their correlation with sleep architecture and physical activity was also examined. The study included 81 participants who underwent polysomnography (PSG) and DS with actigraphy. Blood samples were collected after PSG and DS. Expression levels of brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1), circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK), neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2), period 1 (PER1), cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1) were analyzed using qRT-PCR. DS decreased the expression of CLOCK and BMAL1 while increasing PER1. PER1 expression correlated positively with total sleep time and non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep duration and negatively with sleep latency, alpha, beta and delta waves in the O1A2 lead. Physical activity during DS showed positive correlations with CLOCK, BMAL1, and CRY1. The findings highlight the role of PER1 in modulating sleep patterns, suggesting potential targets for managing sleep-related disorders. Further research is essential to deepen the understanding of these relationships and their implications.
Keywords: sleep deprivation; clock genes; circadian rhythm sleep deprivation; clock genes; circadian rhythm

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sochal, M.; Ditmer, M.; Tarasiuk-Zawadzka, A.; Binienda, A.; Turkiewicz, S.; Wysokiński, A.; Karuga, F.F.; Białasiewicz, P.; Fichna, J.; Gabryelska, A. Circadian Rhythm Genes and Their Association with Sleep and Sleep Restriction. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 10445. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910445

AMA Style

Sochal M, Ditmer M, Tarasiuk-Zawadzka A, Binienda A, Turkiewicz S, Wysokiński A, Karuga FF, Białasiewicz P, Fichna J, Gabryelska A. Circadian Rhythm Genes and Their Association with Sleep and Sleep Restriction. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(19):10445. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910445

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sochal, Marcin, Marta Ditmer, Aleksandra Tarasiuk-Zawadzka, Agata Binienda, Szymon Turkiewicz, Adam Wysokiński, Filip Franciszek Karuga, Piotr Białasiewicz, Jakub Fichna, and Agata Gabryelska. 2024. "Circadian Rhythm Genes and Their Association with Sleep and Sleep Restriction" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 19: 10445. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910445

APA Style

Sochal, M., Ditmer, M., Tarasiuk-Zawadzka, A., Binienda, A., Turkiewicz, S., Wysokiński, A., Karuga, F. F., Białasiewicz, P., Fichna, J., & Gabryelska, A. (2024). Circadian Rhythm Genes and Their Association with Sleep and Sleep Restriction. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(19), 10445. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910445

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