Systems Biology in Chronic Heart Failure—Identification of Potential miRNA Regulators
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Differential miRNA Signature in cHF
2.2. In Silico System Biology Analysis and Target Prediction
2.3. Association of Clusters with cHF Subtypes
2.4. miR-107 and miR-139 Were Overrepresented in All Clusters
2.5. Association of Individual Plasma miRNAs with Aetiology and with Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in cHF Patients
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design
4.2. Blood Sampling
4.3. miRNA Extraction, cDNA Synthesis and Analysis
4.4. In Silico Systems Biology Analysis
4.5. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Study Limitations
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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GO TERMS | Gene Number (Pathway Gene Number) | Fold Enrichment | Enrichment FDR |
---|---|---|---|
Biological Process | |||
Presynapse assembly | 11 (52) | 8.3 | 1.02 × 10−5 |
Coronary vasculature morphogenesis | 6 (16) | 14.8 | 1.79 × 10−4 |
Presynapse organisation | 11 (55) | 7.9 | 1.83 × 10−5 |
Coronary vasculature development | 9 (46) | 7.7 | 1.95 × 10−4 |
Synaptic membrane adhesion | 7 (28) | 9.8 | 3.69 × 10−4 |
Positive regulation of TGF-β signalling pathway | 7 (30) | 9.2 | 5.32 × 10−4 |
Positive regulation of cellular response to TGF-β stimulus | 7 (30) | 9.2 | 5.32 × 10−4 |
Ventricular septum development | 11(72) | 6.0 | 1.92 × 10−4 |
Cardiac septum development | 14 (108) | 5.1 | 7.89 × 10−5 |
Ventricular compact myocardium morhogenesis | 4 (8) | 19.7 | 1.23 × 10−3 |
Molecular Function | |||
SMAD binding | 14 (80) | 6.9 | 2.44 × 10−6 |
RNA strand annealing activity | 3 (5) | 23.7 | 5.l0 × 10−3 |
Insulin-like growth factor I binding | 4 (13) | 12.1 | 7.17 × 10−3 |
β-catenin binding | 13 (89) | 5.7 | 2.58 × 10−5 |
RNA stem-loop binding | 4 (14) | 11.3 | 9.53 × 10−3 |
Poly-purine tract binding | 6 (29) | 8.1 | 2.71 × 10−3 |
Transcription factor binding | 42 (596) | 2.7 | 2.36 × 10−6 |
Poly(G) binding | 3 (8) | 14.8 | 1.80 × 10−2 |
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity. RNA polymerase II-specific | 21 (333) | 2.4 | 4.50 × 10−3 |
3,5-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity | 4 (16) | 9.8 | 1.52 × 10−2 |
Cellular Component | |||
Cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule | 23 (272) | 3.3 | 5.56 × 10−5 |
GABA-ergic synapse | 9 (74) | 4.8 | 4.56 × 10−3 |
Ribonucleoprotein granule | 23 (288) | 3.1 | 1.29 × 10−4 |
Node of Ranvier | 4 (15) | 10.5 | 1.l0 × 10−2 |
Filopodium | 11 (119) | 3.6 | 7.40 × 10−3 |
Glutamatergic synapse | 25 (358) | 2.7 | 4.44 × 10−4 |
Site of polarised growth | 15 (196) | 3.0 | 6.17 × 10−3 |
Chromatin | 76 (1316) | 2.2 | 8.70 × 10−9 |
Adherens junction | 14 (180) | 3.0 | 7.33 × 10−3 |
Heterochromatin | 8 (77) | 4.1 | 1.62 × 10−2 |
AUC ± SD (95% CI) | p-Value | Sensitivity | Specificity | |
---|---|---|---|---|
(a) Differentiation of Ejection Fraction | ||||
Clusters 1–4 miRNAs * | 0.725 ± 0.102 (0.526–0.925) | 0.047 | 0.769 | 0.643 |
Cluster 5 and 7 miRNAs: miR-107 + miR-139-5p + miR-150-5p | 0.782 ± 0.083 (0.618–0.945) | 0.007 | 0.722 | 0.714 |
Cluster 6 miRNAs: miR-107 + miR-139-5p + let-7a-5p | 0.582 ± 0.112 (0.363–0.802) | 0.467 | 0.571 | 0.538 |
Cluster 8 miRNAs: miR-107 + miR-139-5p + miR-342-3p | 0.690 ± 0.097 (0.500–0.881) | 0.068 | 0.611 | 0.643 |
(b) Differentiation of Underlying Aetiology | ||||
Cluster 1–4 miRNAs * | 0.789 ± 0.088 (0.617–0.962) | 0.019 | 0.737 | 0.750 |
Cluster 5 and 7 miRNAs: miR-107 + miR-139-5p + miR-150-5p | 0.643 ± 0.l18 (0.410–0.875) | 0.216 | 0.696 | 0.667 |
Cluster 6 miRNAs: miR-107 + miR-139-5p + let-7a-5p | 0.691 ± 0.126 (0.443–0.939) | 0.124 | 0.684 | 0.625 |
Cluster 8 miRNAs: miR-107 + miR-139-5p + miR-342-3p | 0.645 ± 0.106 (0.438–0.853) | 0.193 | 0.636 | 0.500 |
(c) Differentiation of Need for Rehospitalisation | ||||
Clusters 1–4 miRNAs * | 0.518 ± 0.118 (0.287–0.749) | 0.880 | 0.471 | 0.600 |
Cluster 5 and 7 miRNAs: miR-107 + miR-139-5p + miR-150-5p | 0.695 ± 0.092 (0.514–0.877) | 0.080 | 0.636 | 0.600 |
Cluster 6 miRNAs: miR-107 + miR-139-5p + let-7a-5p | 0.641 ± 0.107 (0.432–0.850) | 0.228 | 0.588 | 0.600 |
Cluster 8 miRNAs: miR-107 + miR-139-5p + miR-342-3p | 0.700 ± 0.093 (0.518–0.882) | 0.074 | 0.591 | 0.600 |
miRNA | Target | Cluster |
---|---|---|
miR-107 | ESR1 | 1 |
miR-107 | BDNF | 1 |
miR-107 | MFN2 | 4 |
miR-139-5p | DMD | 1 |
miR-139-5p | ROCK2 | 1 |
miR-139-5p | MAPK8 | 1 |
miR-139-5p | GNB1 | 1 |
miR-139-5p | ROCK1 | 1 |
miR-139-5p | IGF1R | 1 |
miR-139-5p | SMARCA4 | 2 |
miR-139-5p | NOTCH1 | 2 |
miR-139-5p | PDE3A | 12 |
cHF n = 28 | Reference Subjects n = 16 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic Characteristics; mean ± SD | |||
Male/Female, n | 14/14 | 10/6 | 0.423 |
Age, years | 69 ± 12 | 67 ± 8 | 0.222 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 119 ± 20 | 140 ± 17 | 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 75 ± 11 | 79± 11 | 0.191 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction,% | 43 ± 20 | 52–74 * | - |
Clinical History; n (%) | |||
cHF aetiology | |||
Ischaemic | 7 (25) | - | - |
Non-ischaemic | 21 (75) | - | - |
Hypertensive cardiomyopathy | 7 (25) | - | - |
Dilated cardiomyopathy | 7 (25) | - | - |
Heart valve disease | 7 (25) | - | - |
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 0 (0) | - | - |
Left ventricular ejection fraction | |||
HFpEF | 14 (50) | - | - |
HFrEF | 14 (50) | - | - |
New York Heart Association cHF stage | |||
NYHA I | 0 (0) | - | - |
NYHA II | 11 (39.2) | - | - |
NYHA III | 17 (60.7) | - | - |
NYHA IV | 0 (0) | - | - |
Risk factors; n (%) | |||
Smokers | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Hypertension | 18 (64.2) | 10 (62.5) | 0.906 |
Pulmonary hypertension | 18 (64.2) | - | |
Diabetes mellitus | 14 (50) | 2 (12.5) | 0.013 |
Dyslipidaemia | 14 (50) | 13 (81.2) | 0.041 |
Chronic kidney disease | 12 (42.8) | 0 (0) | 0.002 |
Atrial fibrillation | 11 (39.2) | - | |
Background medication; n (%) | |||
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors | 13 (46.4) | 8 (50) | 0.820 |
Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 10 (35.7) | 3 (18.7) | 0.235 |
Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors | 4 (14.20) | - | |
Beta-blockers | 24 (85.7) | 1 (6.2) | 0.000 |
Aldosterone antagonists | 18 (64.2) | - | |
Diuretics | 26 (92.8) | 1 (6.2) | 0.000 |
Ivabradine | 3 (10.7) | - | - |
Statins | 19 (67.8) | 12 (75) | 0.617 |
Insulin | 4 (14.2) | 1 (6.2) | 0.419 |
Anti-diabetic drugs | 10 (35.7) | 2 (12.5) | 0.096 |
Antiplatelet agents | 7 (25) | 5 (31.2) | 0.654 |
Anticoagulants | 16 (57.1) | 0 (0) | 0.000 |
Anti-arrhythmic drugs | 6 (21.4) | - | - |
cHF n = 28 | |
---|---|
Biochiemistry; mean ± SD | |
Haemoglobin, mg/dL | 133 ± 19 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.24 ± 0.41 |
C-Reactive Protein, mg/mL | 10.11 ± 12.99 |
NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 3834 ± 4602 |
High-sensitive troponin T, ng/L | 28 ± 17 |
Platelets, 103/mm3 | 164 ± 47 |
Erythrocytes, 106/mm3 | 4.1 ± 0.7 |
Leukocytes, mm3 | 7723 ± 2283 |
Osteopontin, ng/mL | 99.06 ± 35.78 |
Major outcomes during follow-up; n (%) | |
Cardiovascular event 1 | 12 (42.8) |
Stroke | 3 (10.7) |
AMI | 2 (7.1) |
HTx | 6 (21.4) |
Cardiovascular death | 5 (17.8) |
Emergency hospital admission for cHF | 9 (32.1) |
Rehospitalisation for cHF | 19 (67.8) |
Aortic aneurism | 0 (0) |
Other death causes 2 | 8 (28.5) |
cHF n = 46 | Reference Subjects n = 26 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics; mean ± SD | |||
Male/Female, n | 31/15 | 17/9 | 0.862 |
Age, years | 69 ± 11 | 66 ± 8 | 0.128 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 118 ± 19 | 140 ± 18 | 0.000 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 75 ± 10 | 83 ± 14 | 0.009 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 43 ± 17 | 52–74 * | |
Clinical history; n (%) | |||
cHF aetiology | |||
Ischaemic | 14 (30.4) | - | - |
Non-ischaemic | 32 (69.6) | - | - |
Hypertensive cardiomyopathy | 9 (19.6) | - | - |
Dilated cardiomyopathy | 12 (26.1) | - | - |
Heart valve disease | 8 (17.4) | - | - |
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 3 (6.5) | - | - |
Left ventricular ejection fraction | |||
HFpEF | 22 (47.8) | - | - |
HFrEF | 24 (52.2) | - | - |
New York Heart Association cHF stage | |||
NYHA I | 0 (0) | - | - |
NYHA II | 17 (36.9) | - | - |
NYHA III | 29 (63.1) | - | - |
NYHA IV | 0 (0) | - | - |
Risk factors; n (%) | |||
Smokers | 1 (2.1) | 4 (15.3) | 0.034 |
Hypertension | 34 (73.9) | 16 (61.5) | 0.274 |
Pulmonary hypertension | 23 (50) | - | - |
Diabetes mellitus | 24 (52.2) | 4 (15.3) | 0.002 |
Dyslipidaemia | 25 (54.3) | 17 (65.3) | 0.264 |
Chronic kidney disease | 18 (39.1) | 0 (0) | 0.000 |
Atrial fibrillation | 24 (52.2) | - | - |
Background medication; n (%) | |||
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors | 21 (45.6) | 12 (46.1) | 0.967 |
Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 14 (30.4) | 5 (19.2) | 0.300 |
Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors | 5 (10.8) | - | - |
Beta-blockers | 40 (86.9) | 1 (3.8) | 0.000 |
Aldosterone antagonists | 28 (60.8) | - | - |
Diuretics | 43 (93.4) | 2 (7.6) | 0.000 |
Ivabradine | 4 (8.6) | - | - |
Statins | 32 (69.6) | 15 (57.6) | 0.309 |
Insulin | 6 (13) | 1 (3.8) | 0.206 |
Anti-diabetic drugs | 14 (30.4) | 3 (11.5) | 0.070 |
Antiplatelet agents | 13 (28.2) | 5 (19.2) | 0.395 |
Anticoagulants | 29 (63.1) | 1 (3.8) | 0.000 |
Anti-arrhythmic drugs | 10 (21.7) | - | - |
cHF n = 46 | |
---|---|
Biochemistry; mean ± SD | |
Haemoglobin, mg/dL | 132 ± 19 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.27 ± 0.44 |
C-Reactive Protein, mg/mL | 9.78 ± 15.34 |
NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 3278 ± 3931 |
High-sensitive troponin T, ng/L | 28 ± 17 |
Platelets, 103/mm3 | 156 ± 53 |
Erythrocytes, 106/mm3 | 4 ± 0.8 |
Leukocytes, mm3 | 7588 ± 2064 |
Osteopontin, ng/mL | 100.17± 41.72 |
Major outcomes during follow-up; n (%) | |
Cardiovascular event 1 | 24 (52.2) |
Stroke | 7 (15.2) |
AMI | 2 (4.3) |
HTx | 7 (15.2) |
Cardiovascular death | 9 (19.6) |
Emergency hospital Admission for cHF | 16 (34.7) |
Rehospitalisation for cHF | 32 (69.6) |
Aortic aneurism | 1 (2.1) |
Other death causes 2 | 11 (23.9) |
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Vilella-Figuerola, A.; Gallinat, A.; Escate, R.; Mirabet, S.; Padró, T.; Badimon, L. Systems Biology in Chronic Heart Failure—Identification of Potential miRNA Regulators. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 15226. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315226
Vilella-Figuerola A, Gallinat A, Escate R, Mirabet S, Padró T, Badimon L. Systems Biology in Chronic Heart Failure—Identification of Potential miRNA Regulators. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(23):15226. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315226
Chicago/Turabian StyleVilella-Figuerola, Alba, Alex Gallinat, Rafael Escate, Sònia Mirabet, Teresa Padró, and Lina Badimon. 2022. "Systems Biology in Chronic Heart Failure—Identification of Potential miRNA Regulators" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23: 15226. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315226