Regulation of Phenolic Compound Production by Light Varying in Spectral Quality and Total Irradiance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Accumulation of Soluble PheCs Induced by Light Differing in Total Irradiance and Spectral Composition
2.2. Changes in the Profile of PheCs Caused by Different Light Conditions
2.3. Light Regulation of Epidermal UV-A Shielding
2.4. Antioxidative Activity of Soluble PheCs
2.5. Expression Analysis of Genes Related to PheCs Biosynthesis, AOX Enzymes, and Senescence Markers
2.6. Transcriptomic Analysis of Genes Affecting the Production of PheCs
3. Discussion
3.1. Photosynthetically Active Radiation as an Important Factor Inducing PheC Biosynthesis and Plant Protective Mechanisms against Adverse Environmental Influences
3.2. PheC Production Is Effectively Enhanced by Blue Light but Not by Other Spectral Components of PAR during Acclimation of Spring Barley to Higher Irradiances
3.3. Changes of PheC Profiles under Various Light Treatments—Blue Light as the Main Component of PAR Affecting the Ratio of B-Mono and Dihydroxylated Flavonoids
3.4. Light as a Factor Affecting Plant (Photo-)Tolerance through Regulation of PheC Metabolism and AOX Enzymes
3.5. Spectral Quality Affects Expression of Genes Related to the PheCs Biosynthesis
3.6. Complex Role of miRNAs in the Regulation of PheCs Related Genes
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cultivation of Plant Material
4.2. Epidermal UV-A Shielding
4.3. Extraction of Soluble Phenolic Compounds
4.4. HPLC-DAD Based Quantification of Soluble Phenolic Compounds
4.5. The Identification of Soluble Phenolic Compounds
4.6. Antioxidant Activity Assay
4.7. RNA Isolation, DNAse Treatment and Reverse Transcription
4.8. qPCR
4.9. RNA Sequencing and Transcriptome Analysis
4.10. Data Visualisation and Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Comparison | Plaza ID | miRNA |
---|---|---|
Compared to GH | HVU0042G1661 | miR396 |
HVU0042G2193 | miR156 | |
HVU0038G1160 | miR1122 | |
HVU0038G1161 | miR1122 | |
HVU0040G1583 | miR1122 | |
HVU0040G1584 | miR1122 | |
Compared to RH | HVU0042G1661 | miR396 |
HVU0045G0592 | miR169_5 | |
HVU0038G1160 | miR1122 | |
HVU0038G1161 | miR1122 | |
Compared to BL | HVU0037G2782 | miR169_5 |
PAR Irradiance [μmol m−2 s−1] | Spectrum in PAR Region | Group ID |
---|---|---|
100 | R | RL |
200 | R | RM |
400 | R | RH |
100 | G | GL |
200 | G | GM |
400 | G | GH |
100 | B | BL |
200 | B | BM |
400 | B | BH |
100 | W | WL |
200 | W | WM |
400 | W | WH |
Time [min] | A: 5% ACN [%] | B: 80% ACN [%] |
---|---|---|
0 | 100 | 0 |
2 | 95 | 5 |
10 | 80 | 20 |
15 | 60 | 40 |
18 | 20 | 80 |
22 | 0 | 100 |
24 | 0 | 100 |
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Pech, R.; Volná, A.; Hunt, L.; Bartas, M.; Červeň, J.; Pečinka, P.; Špunda, V.; Nezval, J. Regulation of Phenolic Compound Production by Light Varying in Spectral Quality and Total Irradiance. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 6533. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126533
Pech R, Volná A, Hunt L, Bartas M, Červeň J, Pečinka P, Špunda V, Nezval J. Regulation of Phenolic Compound Production by Light Varying in Spectral Quality and Total Irradiance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(12):6533. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126533
Chicago/Turabian StylePech, Radomír, Adriana Volná, Lena Hunt, Martin Bartas, Jiří Červeň, Petr Pečinka, Vladimír Špunda, and Jakub Nezval. 2022. "Regulation of Phenolic Compound Production by Light Varying in Spectral Quality and Total Irradiance" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 12: 6533. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126533