Oncolytic Adenoviruses for Cancer Therapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction: A Journey in the Adenovirus World
2. Adenovirus (Ads) Vector Design
3. Exploring the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Modulation by Onc.Ads
3.1. Armed Oncolytic Adenoviruses with Immunostimulatory Cytokines and Chemokines
3.2. Arming OVs with Immune-Activating Ligands and Bispecific T-Cell Engager (BiTE) Molecules
4. Oncolytic Adenoviruses and Immunotherapy
5. Limitations of Onc.Ads
6. Future Outlook: A Challenge for Oncolytic Viro-Immunotherapy
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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OV Type | Genetic Modification | Checkpoint Inhibitor | Indication | Clinical Phase | NCT Number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Herpes simplex virus 1 | Deletions in ICP34.5 and ICP47 and transgenic expression of GM-CSF | Pembrolizumab (anti-PD1) | Unresectable Stage IIIB–IV melanoma | III | NCT02263508 |
T-VEC | Nivolumab (anti-PD1) | Lymphomas and some rare cutaneous tumors | II | NCT02978625 | |
Pembrolizumab | Advanced melanoma progressed on anti-PD1/L1 based therapy | II | NCT02965716 | ||
Pembrolizumab | Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck | I | NCT02626000 | ||
Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA4) | Melanoma | I/II | NCT01740297 | ||
Atezolizumab (anti-PDL1) | Breast cancer | I | NCT03802604 | ||
Ipilimumab and nivolumab | Before surgery of localized breast cancer | I | NCT04185311 | ||
Vaccinia virus Pexa-Vec | TK deletion and expression of GM-CSF and β-galactosidase | Ipilimumab | Metastatic solid tumors | I | NCT02977156 |
Durvalumab (anti-PD1)-Tremelimumab | CRC | I/II | NCT03206073 | ||
(Anti-CTLA4) nivolumab | HCC | I/II | NCT03071094 | ||
Cemiplimab (anti-PD1) | RCC | I | NCT03294083 | ||
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) | Engineered to express Na+/I− symporter (NIS) and human | Avelumab | Refractory solid tumors | I | NCT02923466 |
Interferon Beta (VSV-IFNβ-NIS) | Pembrolizumab | Refractory NSCLC and HCC | I | NCT03647163 | |
Reovirus reolysin | None | Nivolumab | Relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma | I | NCT03605719 |
Adenovirus (Ad) ONCOS-102 | Onc.Ad expressing GM-CSF | Pembrolizumab | Advanced or unresectable melanoma | I | NCT03003676 |
CG0070 | Onc.Ad with a tumor specific promoter expressing GM-CSF | Pembrolizumab | NMIBC | II | NCT04387461 |
Ad-p53 | Ad. expressing p53 | Pembrolizumab | HNSCC | I/II | NCT02842125 |
PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors | Lymphoma | II | NCT03544723 | ||
Ad-MAGEA3 | Ad. expressing MAGE-A3 with MG1-MAGEA3 | Pembrolizumab | NSCLC | I/II | NCT02879760 |
Pembrolizumab | Metastatic melanoma squamous cell skin carcinoma | I | NCT03773744 | ||
Ad5-DNX-2401 or Delta-24-RGD | Ad. expressing an Integrin-binding RGD-4C motif | Pembrolizumab | GBM and GS | II | NCT02798406 |
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Tripodi, L.; Vitale, M.; Cerullo, V.; Pastore, L. Oncolytic Adenoviruses for Cancer Therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 2517. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052517
Tripodi L, Vitale M, Cerullo V, Pastore L. Oncolytic Adenoviruses for Cancer Therapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(5):2517. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052517
Chicago/Turabian StyleTripodi, Lorella, Maria Vitale, Vincenzo Cerullo, and Lucio Pastore. 2021. "Oncolytic Adenoviruses for Cancer Therapy" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5: 2517. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052517