Influence of Electroconvection on Chronopotentiograms of an Anion-Exchange Membrane in Solutions of Weak Polybasic Acid Salts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Membranes and Solutions
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Experimental Set-Up and Processing of CVCs and ChPs
2.2.2. Limiting Current and Diffusion Boundary Layer Calculation
2.2.3. Determination of EC Vortex Zone Thickness
2.2.4. Conductivity Measurements
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Background: Proton Generation in AEM/Ampholyte Solution Systems
3.2. Current–Voltage Curves
3.3. Chronopotentiograms
3.4. Comparative Analysis of Characteristic Points on Chronopotentiograms and Results of EC Vortex Zone Visualization
3.5. Influence of the Electrolyte Type on the Development of Electroconvection
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Solution under Study | Mole Fraction of Polybasic Acid Species, % | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Designation | pH | H2A | HA− | A2− | H3A | H2A− | HA2− |
NaCl | 5.7 ± 0.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
NaH2PO4 | 4.6 ± 0.1 | - | - | - | 0.35 | 99.40 | 0.25 |
NaH2Cit | 4.0 ± 0.1 | - | - | - | 10.30 | 76.40 | 13.30 |
NaHT | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 12.2 | 68.5 | 19.3 | - | - | - |
Polarized (by electric current) membrane area, S, cm2 | 0.26 |
Intermembrane distance, h, cm | 0.32 |
Polarized (by electric current) path length for solution in the desalination compartment, L, cm | 0.53 |
Average linear solution flow velocity, V0, cm/s | 0.07 |
Distance from the tip of the Luggin capillary to the surface of the AMX membrane, cm | 0.15 |
Electrolyte | δtheor, μm | ilimtheor, mA/cm2 | ilim 1exp, mA/cm2 | ilim 2exp, mA/cm2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
NaCl | 231 | 3.39 | 3.38 | - |
NaHT | 207 | 2.01 | 1.00 | 3.78 |
NaH2PO4 | 205 | 1.85 | 1.15 | 4.10 |
NaH2Cit | 202 | 1.74 | - | 4.25 |
Electrolyte | TsH+ |
---|---|
NaCl | 0.11 ± 0.03 |
NaHT | 0.22 ± 0.03 |
NaH2PO4 | 0.38 ± 0.03 |
NaH2Cit | 0.57 ± 0.03 |
Electrolyte | Solution pH | Predominant Anion | ᴂ, mS cm−1 | R, Ω cm2 | i, mA cm2 | ΔφΩ, mV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NaCl | 5.7 ± 0.1 * | Cl− | 3.88 | 3.30 | 13.66 | 45 |
NaxH(3−X)PO4 | 4.6 ± 0.1 * | H2PO4− | 1.78 | 7.11 | 7.96 | 57 |
9.0 ± 0.1 ** | HPO42− | 2.82 | 4.54 | 36 | ||
NaxH(2−X)T | 3.7 ± 0.1 * | HT− | 0.79 | 16.16 | 7.64 | 124 |
7.0 ± 0.1 ** | T2− | 0.95 | 13.47 | 103 | ||
NaxH(3−X)Cit | 4.0 ± 0.1 * | H2Cit− | 0.13 | 96.73 | 8.00 | 774 |
9.0 ± 0.1 ** | Cit3− | 0.24 | 53.13 | 425 |
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Pismenskaya, N.; Rybalkina, O.; Moroz, I.; Mareev, S.; Nikonenko, V. Influence of Electroconvection on Chronopotentiograms of an Anion-Exchange Membrane in Solutions of Weak Polybasic Acid Salts. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 13518. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413518
Pismenskaya N, Rybalkina O, Moroz I, Mareev S, Nikonenko V. Influence of Electroconvection on Chronopotentiograms of an Anion-Exchange Membrane in Solutions of Weak Polybasic Acid Salts. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(24):13518. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413518
Chicago/Turabian StylePismenskaya, Natalia, Olesya Rybalkina, Ilya Moroz, Semen Mareev, and Victor Nikonenko. 2021. "Influence of Electroconvection on Chronopotentiograms of an Anion-Exchange Membrane in Solutions of Weak Polybasic Acid Salts" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 24: 13518. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413518