Hydrogel Encapsulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes for Tissue Engineering
McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(2), 684; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020684
Received: 30 November 2020 / Revised: 29 December 2020 / Accepted: 4 January 2021 / Published: 12 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Materials Science)
Tissue engineering has been an inveterate area in the field of regenerative medicine for several decades. However, there remains limitations to engineer and regenerate tissues. Targeted therapies using cell-encapsulated hydrogels, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are capable of reducing inflammation and increasing the regenerative potential in several tissues. In addition, the use of MSC-derived nano-scale secretions (i.e., exosomes) has been promising. Exosomes originate from the multivesicular division of cells and have high therapeutic potential, yet neither self-replicate nor cause auto-immune reactions to the host. To maintain their biological activity and allow a controlled release, these paracrine factors can be encapsulated in biomaterials. Among the different types of biomaterials in which exosome infusion is exploited, hydrogels have proven to be the most user-friendly, economical, and accessible material. In this paper, we highlight the importance of MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes in tissue engineering and the different biomaterial strategies used in fabricating exosome-based biomaterials, to facilitate hard and soft tissue engineering.
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Keywords:
mesenchymal stem cell; exosome; hydrogel; osteogenesis; angiogenesis; tissue engineering; biomaterial
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MDPI and ACS Style
Khayambashi, P.; Iyer, J.; Pillai, S.; Upadhyay, A.; Zhang, Y.; Tran, S.D. Hydrogel Encapsulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes for Tissue Engineering. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 684.
AMA Style
Khayambashi P, Iyer J, Pillai S, Upadhyay A, Zhang Y, Tran SD. Hydrogel Encapsulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes for Tissue Engineering. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(2):684.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhayambashi, Parisa; Iyer, Janaki; Pillai, Sangeeth; Upadhyay, Akshaya; Zhang, Yuli; Tran, Simon D. 2021. "Hydrogel Encapsulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes for Tissue Engineering" Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, no. 2: 684.
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