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Volume 22
Issue 11
10.3390/ijms22115696
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Article

Proteome Characterization of BALF Extracellular Vesicles in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Unveiling Undercover Molecular Pathways

by
Enxhi Shaba
1,†,
Claudia Landi
2,*,†,
Alfonso Carleo
3,
Lorenza Vantaggiato
2,
Eugenio Paccagnini
4,
Mariangela Gentile
4,
Laura Bianchi
2,
Pietro Lupetti
4,
Elena Bargagli
5,*,
Antje Prasse
3,‡ and
Luca Bini
2,‡
1
Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
2
Functional Proteomics Lab, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
3
Department of Pulmonology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover at Fraunhofer-Institut für Toxikologie und Experimentelle Medizin, 30625 Hannover, Germany
4
Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
5
Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation, Department Internal and Specialist Medicine, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
The authors considered that these authors should be regarded as joined First Authors.
‡
Prasse A. and Bini L. have been acting as senior investigators and should be considered equally Last Authors.
Academic Editor: Stefanie Krick
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(11), 5696; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115696
Received: 23 April 2021 / Revised: 24 May 2021 / Accepted: 24 May 2021 / Published: 27 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Biochemistry)
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Abstract

In the longtime challenge of identifying specific, easily detectable and reliable biomarkers of IPF, BALF proteomics is providing interesting new insights into its pathogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first shotgun proteomic investigation of EVs isolated from BALF of IPF patients. Our main aim was to characterize the proteome of the vesicular component of BALF and to explore its individual impact on the pathogenesis of IPF. To this purpose, ultracentrifugation was chosen as the EVs isolation technique, and their purification was assessed by TEM, 2DE and LC-MS/MS. Our 2DE data and scatter plots showed considerable differences between the proteome of EVs and that of whole BALF and of its fluid component. Analysis of protein content and protein functions evidenced that EV proteins are predominantly involved in cytoskeleton remodeling, adenosine signaling, adrenergic signaling, C-peptide signaling and lipid metabolism. Our findings may suggest a wider system involvement in the disease pathogenesis and support the importance of pre-fractioning of complex samples, such as BALF, in order to let low-abundant proteins-mediated pathways emerge. View Full-Text
Keywords: shotgun proteomics; EVs; IPF; BALF shotgun proteomics; EVs; IPF; BALF
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MDPI and ACS Style

Shaba, E.; Landi, C.; Carleo, A.; Vantaggiato, L.; Paccagnini, E.; Gentile, M.; Bianchi, L.; Lupetti, P.; Bargagli, E.; Prasse, A.; Bini, L. Proteome Characterization of BALF Extracellular Vesicles in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Unveiling Undercover Molecular Pathways. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 5696. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115696

AMA Style

Shaba E, Landi C, Carleo A, Vantaggiato L, Paccagnini E, Gentile M, Bianchi L, Lupetti P, Bargagli E, Prasse A, Bini L. Proteome Characterization of BALF Extracellular Vesicles in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Unveiling Undercover Molecular Pathways. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(11):5696. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115696

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaba, Enxhi, Claudia Landi, Alfonso Carleo, Lorenza Vantaggiato, Eugenio Paccagnini, Mariangela Gentile, Laura Bianchi, Pietro Lupetti, Elena Bargagli, Antje Prasse, and Luca Bini. 2021. "Proteome Characterization of BALF Extracellular Vesicles in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Unveiling Undercover Molecular Pathways" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11: 5696. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115696

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