Artificial Light at Night Alleviates the Negative Effect of Pb on Freshwater Ecosystems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Water Chemistry
2.2. Leaf Litter Chemical Characteristics and Decomposition Rates
2.3. Microbial Biomass
2.4. Changes in Extracellular Enzyme Activities
2.5. Fungal Communities
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Preparation of P. stenoptera Leaf Litter
4.2. Experimental Design
4.3. Leaf Mass Loss and Chemical Characteristics
4.4. Microbial Biomass
4.5. Extracellular Enzyme Activities
4.6. Fungal Diversity and Community Structure
4.7. Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
AP | β-G | LAP | CBH | PPO | PER | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatments | ||||||
F | 87.54 | 14.83 | 5.95 | 4.96 | 0.04 | 0.53 |
P | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.989 | 0.667 |
Sampling time | ||||||
F | 137.22 | 56.00 | 10.65 | 221.92 | 5.36 | 1.64 |
P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.012 | 0.215 |
Treatments × Sampling time | ||||||
F | 57.99 | 8.03 | 1.69 | 69.64 | 0.223 | 0.19 |
P | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.167 | <0.001 | 0.955 | 0.976 |
Par. | pH | DO (mg·L−1) | Cond. (μs·cm−1) | Sal | NTU | OPR (mv) | Chla (μg·L−1) | Ca2+ (mg·L−1) |
water | 6.21 | 3.88 | 0.033 | 0.013 | 0.47 | 154 | 0.65 | 75 |
Par. | TSS (mg·L−1) | DOC (mg·L−1) | TP | NH4+ (ppm) | Temp. (°C) | TN | Mg2+ (mg·L−1) | Pb3+ (mg·L−1) |
water | 3.55 | 1.25 | 0.05 | 0.73 | 20.01 | 1.44 | 4.12 | < 0.01 |
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Tr | pH | DO (mg·L−1) | NH4+ (ppm) | NTU | TDS (mg·L−1) | TSS (mg·L−1) | Cond. (μs·cm−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Origin | 6.77c | 5.32 | 41c | 434b | 24.400a | 2.033a | 0.036c |
N | 7.34ab | 4.58 | 57b | 612a | 0.011b | 2.489a | 0.017c |
A | 7.50a | 4.72 | 77a | 678a | 0.012b | 0.003c | 0.016c |
N-Pb | 7.21b | 4.65 | 64b | 225b | 0.072c | 0.901b | 0.107b |
A-Pb | 7.18b | 5.71 | 20c | 235b | 0.074c | 0.794b | 0.115a |
Treatments | Carbon (mg·g−1) | Nitrogen (mg·g−1) | Phosphorus (mg·g−1) | Lignin (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 286.73b | 25.29 | 1.32 | 5.10a |
A | 348.04ab | 26.48 | 1.28 | 2.96c |
N-Pb | 419.64a | 27.84 | 1.38 | 6.76a |
A-Pb | 333.61ab | 28.96 | 1.41 | 3.13b |
Samples | Sequence | OTUs | Sobs | Shannon | Simpson | ACE | Chao1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Origin | 58,462a | 351a | 274a | 3.08a | 0.15b | 293a | 293a |
N | 49,342b | 319b | 219b | 1.98 b | 0.38a | 246b | 251b |
A | 49,508b | 275c | 201b | 2.60a | 0.21b | 219b | 217b |
N-Pb | 57,400a | 277c | 202b | 2.09b | 0.33a | 233b | 234b |
A-Pb | 59,372a | 286c | 206b | 2.54a | 0.21b | 236b | 236b |
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Pu, G.; Zeng, D.; Mo, L.; Liao, J.; Chen, X. Artificial Light at Night Alleviates the Negative Effect of Pb on Freshwater Ecosystems. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 1343. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061343
Pu G, Zeng D, Mo L, Liao J, Chen X. Artificial Light at Night Alleviates the Negative Effect of Pb on Freshwater Ecosystems. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(6):1343. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061343
Chicago/Turabian StylePu, Gaozhong, Danjuan Zeng, Ling Mo, Jianxiong Liao, and Xiaxia Chen. 2019. "Artificial Light at Night Alleviates the Negative Effect of Pb on Freshwater Ecosystems" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 6: 1343. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061343