Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Taste Organs and Oral Sensation: Distinctive Roles in the Epithelium, Stroma, and Innervation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Development of the Taste Papilla Organ, the Role of Innervation, and Hh Signaling
3. Shh and Shh Signaling Locations Postnatally and in the Adult Tongue and Taste Organs
4. Epithelial Hh Signaling is Essential for Homeostasis and Reconstitution of TB and Chemosensation; Innervation Alone is not Sufficient for TB Maintenance
4.1. Hh Pathway Inhibition with Sonidegib: Taste Organ and Sensory Functional Effects
4.2. Recovery from Hh Pathway Disruption
4.3. Nerves are not Sufficient for TB Maintenance or Restoration after Hh Signaling Disruption
5. Lingual Innervation and Hh Signaling: TB Maintenance and Regeneration in Nerve Cut Studies and BDNF Requirement
5.1. Nerve-Dependence and Degeneration/Regeneration of Taste Buds
5.2. Innervation and Shh Signaling
5.3. Removing the FP Organ and Hh-Responding TB Progenitors
6. Sources of the Shh Ligand in TB Cells and in Nerves; Potential Distinctive Roles
6.1. Sources of the Sonic Hedgehog Ligand and Signaling in TB Cells and in Ganglion Soma and Nerves
6.2. Distinctive Roles for Hh Signaling in the Epithelium Versus Stroma
7. Taste Organ Niches and the Basal Lamina in Hh Signaling
8. Chemosensation, Somatosensation, Hh Signaling, and Disrupted Taste Perception
8.1. Lingual Taste, Touch, and Cold Sensation after TB Alterations by HPI Drugs: Animal Studies
8.2. Lingual Taste Sensation after Nerve and Taste Bud Disruptions: Patient/Clinical Studies and Hh Signaling
9. Concluding Remarks: Hh Signaling in Taste Papillae
9.1. Shh and Signaling in Gustatory Papillae, the TBs and in Nerves: Necessary and Sufficient
9.2. Roles for the Basal Lamina
9.3. Proposed Roles for Neural Shh in Peripheral Taste Organ Function
9.4. Summary and Future Directions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
FP | Fungiform papilla |
CV | Circumvallate papilla |
TB | Taste bud |
CT | Chorda tympani |
GL | Glossopharyngeal nerve |
LN | Lingual nerve |
Shh | Sonic hedgehog |
Hh | Hedgehog |
GG | Geniculate ganglion |
TG | Trigeminal ganglion |
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Mistretta, C.M.; Kumari, A. Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Taste Organs and Oral Sensation: Distinctive Roles in the Epithelium, Stroma, and Innervation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 1341. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061341
Mistretta CM, Kumari A. Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Taste Organs and Oral Sensation: Distinctive Roles in the Epithelium, Stroma, and Innervation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(6):1341. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061341
Chicago/Turabian StyleMistretta, Charlotte M., and Archana Kumari. 2019. "Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Taste Organs and Oral Sensation: Distinctive Roles in the Epithelium, Stroma, and Innervation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 6: 1341. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061341