Methylphenidate Ameliorates Depressive Comorbidity in ADHD Children without any Modification on Differences in Serum Melatonin Concentration between ADHD Subtypes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Melatonin Serum Concentration by Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Subtypes and Subgroups
2.2. Nocturnal Excretion of 6-Sulphatoxy-melatonin by ADHD Subtypes
Total CDI | Time | PAD (n = 37) | PHI/CD (n = 99) | Total (n = 136) | z | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<18 (n = 104) | Baseline Post-PRMPH | 10.18 ± 4.74 | 10.48 ± 4.21 | 10.39 ± 4.34 | −1.743 | 0.081 | ||
9.47 ± 5.08 | 10.97 ± 6.34 | 10.45 ± 5.93 | ||||||
9.76 ± 4.49 | 10.65 ± 5.05 | |||||||
z | p | z | p | |||||
−2.09 | 0.037 | −0.84 | 0.40 | |||||
>17 (n = 32) | Baseline Post-PRMPH | 22.40 ± 8.73 | 21.53 ± 2.59 | 21.71 ± 4.31 | −3.301 | 0.001 | ||
20.50 ± 8.96 | 14.86 ± 4.29 | 16.11 ± 5.84 | ||||||
22.00 ± 6.99 | 18.70 ± 4.74 | |||||||
z | p | z | p | |||||
−0.921 | 0.357 | −3.30 | 0.001 | |||||
Total Simple (n = 136) | Baseline Post-PRMPH | 12.44 ± 7.30 | 13.44 ± 6.24 | 13.16 ± 6.52 | −3.596 | 0.0001 | ||
11.11 ± 6.12 | 12.33 ± 7.80 | 12.25 ± 6.19 | ||||||
11.89 ± 6.80 | 12.97 ± 6.06 | |||||||
z | p | z | p | |||||
−1.93 | 0.054 | −3.48 | 0.001 |
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Sample
3.2. Clinical Method
Sex | Depressive Symptoms | ADHD Subtype | Total (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PAD | PHI/CD | |||
Boys | No | 24 (77.42) | 61 (80.26) | 85 (79.43) |
Yes | 7 (22.58) | 15 (19.74) | 22 (20.56) | |
Total | 31 (28.97) | 76 (71.03) | 107 (78.67) | |
Girls | No | 5 (83.33) | 14 (60.87) | 19 (65.52) |
Yes | 1 (16.67) | 9 (39.13) | 10 (34.48) | |
Total | 6 (20.69) | 23 (79.31) | 29 (21.33) | |
Total | No | 29 (78.38) | 75 (75.75) | 104 (76.47) |
Yes | 8 (21.62) | 24 (24.24) | 32 (23.53) | |
Total | 37 (21.01) | 99 (72.99) | 136 (100) |
3.2.1. Treatment
3.2.2. Measurements
3.3. Analytical Method
3.4. Statistical Method
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cubero-Millán, I.; Molina-Carballo, A.; Machado-Casas, I.; Fernández-López, L.; Martínez-Serrano, S.; Tortosa-Pinto, P.; Ruiz-López, A.; Luna-del-Castillo, J.-d.-D.; Uberos, J.; Muñoz-Hoyos, A. Methylphenidate Ameliorates Depressive Comorbidity in ADHD Children without any Modification on Differences in Serum Melatonin Concentration between ADHD Subtypes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 17115-17129. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150917115
Cubero-Millán I, Molina-Carballo A, Machado-Casas I, Fernández-López L, Martínez-Serrano S, Tortosa-Pinto P, Ruiz-López A, Luna-del-Castillo J-d-D, Uberos J, Muñoz-Hoyos A. Methylphenidate Ameliorates Depressive Comorbidity in ADHD Children without any Modification on Differences in Serum Melatonin Concentration between ADHD Subtypes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014; 15(9):17115-17129. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150917115
Chicago/Turabian StyleCubero-Millán, Isabel, Antonio Molina-Carballo, Irene Machado-Casas, Luisa Fernández-López, Sylvia Martínez-Serrano, Pilar Tortosa-Pinto, Aida Ruiz-López, Juan-de-Dios Luna-del-Castillo, José Uberos, and Antonio Muñoz-Hoyos. 2014. "Methylphenidate Ameliorates Depressive Comorbidity in ADHD Children without any Modification on Differences in Serum Melatonin Concentration between ADHD Subtypes" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15, no. 9: 17115-17129. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150917115
APA StyleCubero-Millán, I., Molina-Carballo, A., Machado-Casas, I., Fernández-López, L., Martínez-Serrano, S., Tortosa-Pinto, P., Ruiz-López, A., Luna-del-Castillo, J.-d.-D., Uberos, J., & Muñoz-Hoyos, A. (2014). Methylphenidate Ameliorates Depressive Comorbidity in ADHD Children without any Modification on Differences in Serum Melatonin Concentration between ADHD Subtypes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 15(9), 17115-17129. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150917115