Effect of Plant Derived Antimicrobials on Salmonella Enteritidis Adhesion to and Invasion of Primary Chicken Oviduct Epithelial Cells in vitro and Virulence Gene Expression
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Bacterial Strains and Culture Conditions
3.2. PDAs and SIC Determination
3.3. Isolation of Chicken oviduct Epithelial Cells
3.4. SE Adhesion and Invasion Assay
3.5. Macrophage Cultivation and SE Survival Assay
3.6. RNA Isolation and RT-qPCR
3.7. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
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Gene | CR 0.50 mM | CR 0.60 mM | THY 0.50 mM | THY 0.60 mM | EUG 1.2 mM | EUG 1.8 mM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
fimD | −1.88 | −1.95 | −3.04 | −3.67 | −6.11 | −6.87 |
flgG | −1.81 | −2.19 | −1.13 | −1.24 | −3.55 | −3.83 |
hflK | −1.40 | −2.44 | −0.30 | −1.90 | −3.18 | −3.32 |
invH | −16.39 | −17.78 | −28.55 | −29.76 | −18.89 | −19.81 |
lrpF | −10.05 | −13.15 | −41.66 | −47.61 | −1.08 | −1.14 |
mrr1 | −4.98 | −6.22 | −8.20 | −10.88 | −23.95 | −24.13 |
ompR | −3.10 | −3.66 | −5.75 | −6.13 | −0.15 | −0.18 |
orf245 | −21.39 | −25.37 | −60.32 | −64.81 | −73.29 | −76.92 |
pipB | −15.34 | −19.16 | −65.48 | −66.90 | −54.38 | −54.59 |
prot6E | −1.99 | −3.25 | −5.99 | −8.65 | −7.11 | −7.92 |
rfbH | −10.41 | −11.11 | −12.09 | −16.66 | −1.17 | −1.20 |
rpoS | −4.20 | −6.89 | −3.33 | −5.23 | −1.33 | −1.48 |
sipA | −29.66 | −35.24 | −78.59 | −88.86 | −76.30 | −77.14 |
sipB | −7.12 | −8.33 | −14.50 | −17.48 | −50.29 | −53.42 |
sodC | −4.14 | −4.20 | −8.67 | −9.25 | −0.22 | −0.27 |
spvB | −0.28 | −0.44 | −0.14 | −0.21 | −0.12 | −0.19 |
mgtC | −4.09 | −6.99 | −4.52 | −7.69 | −0.12 | −0.23 |
sopB | −22.49 | −24.10 | −43.22 | −46.60 | −48.58 | −49.25 |
ssaV | −5.05 | −6.93 | −0.10 | −0.10 | −1.07 | −1.27 |
ssrA | −5.97 | −7.04 | −3.29 | −4.11 | 0.09 | −0.11 |
tatA | −0.61 | −1.74 | −0.78 | −2.08 | −0.94 | −1.15 |
xthA | −5.02 | −5.74 | −8.01 | −8.26 | −0.19 | −0.27 |
Strains of SE | Source |
---|---|
SE-21 | Chicken intestine isolate (Connecticut Veterinary Diagnostic Medical Laboratory) |
SE-28 | Chicken oviduct isolate (Connecticut Veterinary Diagnostic Medical Laboratory) |
SE-12 | Chicken liver isolate (Connecticut Veterinary Diagnostic Medical Laboratory) |
SE-31 | Chicken gut isolate (Connecticut Veterinary Diagnostic Medical Laboratory) |
SE-457 | Chicken egg yolk isolate (University of Pennsylvania) |
SE-1294 | Human egg outbreak (New York Department of Health) |
SE-565 | Food outbreak (Lunch–II) |
SE-61697 | Human isolate (University of Pennsylvania) |
SE-180 | Human isolate (New York Department of Health) |
SE-90 | Human isolate (Connecticut Veterinary Diagnostic Medical Laboratory) |
Gene | Sequence |
---|---|
β-Actin-F | 5′-TGCGTGACATCAAGGAGAAG-3′ |
β-Actin-R | 5′-GACCATCAGGGAGTTCATAGC-3′ |
AvBD-4-F | 5′-CATCTCAGTGTCGTTTCTCTGC-3′ |
AvBD-4-R | 5′-CGCGATATCCACATTGCATG-3′ |
AvBD-5-F | 5′-CTGCCAGCAAGAAAGGAACCTG-3′ |
AvBD-5-R | 5′-GTAATCCTCGAGCAAGGGACA-3′ |
AvBD-9-F | 5′-GCAAAGGCTATTCCACAGCAG-3′ |
AvBD-9-R | 5′-GGAGCACGGCATGCAACAA-3′ |
AvBD-10-F | 5′-TGGGGCACGCAGTCCACAAC-3′ |
AvBD-10-R | 5′-CATGCCCCAGCACGGCAGAA-3′ |
AvBD-11-F | 5′-ACTGCATCCGTTCCAAAGTCTG-3′ |
AvBD-11-R | 5′-GTCCCAGCTGTTCTTCCAG-3′ |
AvBD-12-F | 5′-CCCAGCAGGACCAAAGCAATG-3′ |
AvBD-12-R | 5′-AGTACTTAGCCAGGTATTCC-3′ |
Accession Number | Gene | Gene Function | Sequence (5′-3′) |
---|---|---|---|
NC_011294.1 | fimDF fimDR | Outer membrane usher protein FimD | 5′CGCGGCGAAAGTTATTTCAA 3′ 5′CCACGGACGCGGTATCC 3′ |
NC_011294.1 | flgGF flgGR | Flagellar basal body rod protein | 5′GCGCCGGACGATTGC 3′ 5′CCGGGCTGGAAAGCATT 3′ |
NC_011294.1 | hflKF hflKR | FtsH protease regulator | 5′AGCGCGGCGTTGTGA 3′ 5′TCAGACCTGGCTCTACCAGATG 3′ |
NC_011294.1 | invHF invHR | Cell adherence/invasion protein | 5′ CCCTTCCTCCGTGAGCAAA 3′ 5′TGGCCAGTTGCTCTTTCTGA 3′ |
NC_011294.1 | lrpF lrpR | Leucine-responsive transcriptional regulator | 5′TTAATGCCGCCGTGCAA 3′ 5′GCCGGAAACCAAATGACACT 3′ |
NC_011294.1 | mrr1F mrr1R | Pseudo/restriction endonuclease gene | 5′CCATCGCTTCCAGCAACTG 3′ 5′TCTCTACCATGAACCCGTACAAATT 3′ |
NC_011294.1 | ompRF ompRR | Osmolarity response regulator | 5′TGTGCCGGATCTTCTTCCA 3′ 5′CTCCATCGACGTCCAGATCTC 3′ |
NC_011294.1 | orf245F orf245R | Pathogenicity island protein | 5′CAGGGTAATATCGATGTGGACTACA 3′ 5′GCGGTATGTGGAAAACGAGTTT 3′ |
NC_011294.1 | pipBF pipBR | Pathogenicity island protein | 5′GCTCCTGTTAATGATTTCGCTAAAG3′ 5′GCTCAGACTTAACTGACACCAAACTAA 3′ |
NC_011294.1 | prot6EF prot6ER | Fimbrial biosynthesis | 5′GAACGTTTGGCTGCCTATGG 3′ 5′CGCAGTGACTGGCATCAAGA 3′ |
NC_011294.1 | rfbHF rfbHR | DehydrataseRfbH | 5′ACGGTCGGTATTTGTCAACTCA 3′ 5′TCGCCAACCGTATTTTGCTAA 3′ |
NC_011294.1 | rpoSF rpoSR | RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoS | 5′TTTTTCATCGGCCAGGATGT 3′ 5′CGCTGGGCGGTGATTC 3′ |
NC_011294.1 | sipAF sipAR | Pathogenicity island 1 effector protein | 5′CAGGGAACGGTGTGGAGGTA 3′ 5′AGACGTTTTTGGGTGTGATACGT 3′ |
NC_011294.1 | sipBF sipBR | Pathogenicity island 1 effector protein | 5′GCCACTGCTGAATCTGATCCA 3′ 5′CGAGGCGCTTGCTGATTT 3′ |
NC_011294.1 | sodCF sodCR | Superoxide dismutase | 5′CACATGGATCATGAGCGCTTT 3′ 5′CTGCGCCGCGTCTGA3′ |
NC_011294.1 | sopBF sopBR | Cell invasion protein | 5′GCGTCAATTTCATGGGCTAAC 3′ 5′GGCGGCGAACCCTATAAACT 3′ |
NC_011294.1 | ssaVF ssaVR | Secretion system apparatus protein SsaV | 5′GCGCGATACGGACATATTCTG 3′ 5′TGGGCGCCACGTGAA3′ |
NC_011294.1 | ssrAF ssrAR | Sensor Kinase | 5′CGAGTATGGCTGGATCAAAACA 3′ 5′TGTACGTATTTTTTGCGGGATGT 3′ |
NC_011294.1 | tatAF tatAR | Twin arginine translocase protein A | 5′AGTATTTGGCAGTTGTTGATTGTTG 3′ 5′ACCGATGGAACCGAGTTTTTT 3′ |
NC_011294.1 | xthAF xthAR | Exonuclease III | 5′CGCCCGTCCCCATCA 3′ 5′CACATCGGGCTGGTGTTTT 3′ |
NC_011294.1 | 16S f 16S r | SENr010, 16S ribosomal RNA | 5′CCAGGGCTACACACGTGCTA 3′ 5′TCTCGCGAGGTCGCTTCT 3′ |
NC_011294.1 | mgtCF mgtCR | Mg (2+) transport ATPase protein C | 5′CGAACCTCGCTTTCATCTTCTT 3′ 5′CCGCCGAGGGAGAAAAAC 3′ |
NC_019120.1 | spvBF spvBR | Actin ADP ribosyltransferase 2C toxin SpvB | 5′TGGGTGGGCAACAGCAA 3′ 5′GCAGGATGCCGTTACTGTCA 3′ |
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Upadhyaya, I.; Upadhyay, A.; Kollanoor-Johny, A.; Darre, M.J.; Venkitanarayanan, K. Effect of Plant Derived Antimicrobials on Salmonella Enteritidis Adhesion to and Invasion of Primary Chicken Oviduct Epithelial Cells in vitro and Virulence Gene Expression. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 10608-10625. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140510608
Upadhyaya I, Upadhyay A, Kollanoor-Johny A, Darre MJ, Venkitanarayanan K. Effect of Plant Derived Antimicrobials on Salmonella Enteritidis Adhesion to and Invasion of Primary Chicken Oviduct Epithelial Cells in vitro and Virulence Gene Expression. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2013; 14(5):10608-10625. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140510608
Chicago/Turabian StyleUpadhyaya, Indu, Abhinav Upadhyay, Anup Kollanoor-Johny, Michael J. Darre, and Kumar Venkitanarayanan. 2013. "Effect of Plant Derived Antimicrobials on Salmonella Enteritidis Adhesion to and Invasion of Primary Chicken Oviduct Epithelial Cells in vitro and Virulence Gene Expression" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14, no. 5: 10608-10625. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140510608