Biodegradation of Poly(butylene succinate) Powder in a Controlled Compost at 58 °C Evaluated by Naturally-Occurring Carbon 14 Amounts in Evolved CO2 Based on the ISO 14855-2 Method
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials
2.2. Biodegradation Test by MODA Apparatus Based on ISO 14855-2 (ISO Method)
2.3. Biodegradation Test by MODA Apparatus with Carbon Dioxide Trap Including the Ba(OH)2 Aqueous Solution
2.4. Graphite Preparation from BaCO3 for AMS Measurements
2.5. Measurement of Percent Modern Carbon
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Biodegradation of PBS Evaluated from the Blank and Sample Vessels Based on ISO 14855-2
3.2. Biodegradability Determined in One Compost Vessel without a Blank Vessel Using Percent Modern Carbon Determined by AMS
4. Conclusions
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Analysis | YK-6 |
---|---|
Total dry solids (%)a) | 42 |
Volatile solids (%)b) | 56 |
pH of compost solution | 6.9 |
Total organic carbon amount (%) | 9.1 |
Total nitrogen amount (%) | 1.7 |
C/N ratio | 5.0 |
Test period (day) (center date (day)) | Evolved CO2a) (g) from sample vessel | Measured pMCb) (%) | Estimated pMCc) (%) | CO2 amount (g) | Biodegradabilityf) (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
respirationd) | PBS biodegradatione) | in period | Total | ||||
Blank(0–3) | 109.87 | ||||||
0–3 (1.5) | 1.39 | 91.87 | 101.95 | 1.29 | 0.10 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
3–6 (4.5) | 1.14 | 98.45 | 1.03 | 0.11 | 0.5 | 1.0 | |
6–9 (8.5) | 1.44 | 97.04 | 94.81 | 1.24 | 0.20 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
9–12 (10.5) | 1.12 | 92.02 | 0.94 | 0.18 | 0.9 | 2.9 | |
12–14 (13) | 0.99 | 88.19 | 0.79 | 0.20 | 1.0 | 3.8 | |
14–18 (16) | 1.67 | 83.44 | 83.20 | 1.26 | 0.41 | 2.0 | 5.8 |
18–21 (19.5) | 1.42 | 84.00 | 77.00 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 2.1 | 7.9 |
21–24 (22.5) | 1.76 | 69.05 | 71.54 | 1.15 | 0.61 | 3.0 | 10.9 |
24–28 (26) | 1.83 | 65.21 | 1.09 | 0.74 | 3.6 | 14.5 | |
28–32 (30) | 2.32 | 51.77 | 58.29 | 1.23 | 1.09 | 5.3 | 19.8 |
32–36 (34) | 2.32 | 52.05 | 1.10 | 1.22 | 6.0 | 25.8 | |
36–38 (37) | 1.67 | 48.12 | 48.03 | 0.73 | 0.94 | 4.6 | 30.4 |
38–60 (49) | 6.67 | 42.98 | 40.60 | 2.46 | 4.21 | 20.5 | 50.9 |
60–74 (67) | 3.08 | 70.69, 69.53 | 71.53 | 2.01 | 1.07 | 5.3 | 56.2 |
Total | 28.82 | 17.32 | 11.50 |
© 2009 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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Kunioka, M.; Ninomiya, F.; Funabashi, M. Biodegradation of Poly(butylene succinate) Powder in a Controlled Compost at 58 °C Evaluated by Naturally-Occurring Carbon 14 Amounts in Evolved CO2 Based on the ISO 14855-2 Method. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2009, 10, 4267-4283. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10104267
Kunioka M, Ninomiya F, Funabashi M. Biodegradation of Poly(butylene succinate) Powder in a Controlled Compost at 58 °C Evaluated by Naturally-Occurring Carbon 14 Amounts in Evolved CO2 Based on the ISO 14855-2 Method. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2009; 10(10):4267-4283. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10104267
Chicago/Turabian StyleKunioka, Masao, Fumi Ninomiya, and Masahiro Funabashi. 2009. "Biodegradation of Poly(butylene succinate) Powder in a Controlled Compost at 58 °C Evaluated by Naturally-Occurring Carbon 14 Amounts in Evolved CO2 Based on the ISO 14855-2 Method" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 10, no. 10: 4267-4283. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10104267