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Molecules
Volume 30
Issue 17
10.3390/molecules30173473
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Valorization of Agricultural Wastes into Environmentally Sustainable Asphalt Binders

by
Paolino Caputo
1,
Valentina Gargiulo
2,
Pietro Calandra
3,*,
Valeria Loise
1,
Luciana Cimino
2,
Claudio Clemente
2,4,
Aliya Kenzhegaliyeva
5,6,
Yerdos Ongarbayev
5,6,
Cesare Oliviero Rossi
1,
Mikołaj Pochilskj
7,
Jacek Gapinski
7 and
Michela Alfè
2
1
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
2
CNR-STEMS, National Research Council, Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, 80125 Napoli, Italy
3
CNR-ISMN, National Research Council, Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, 00010 Montelibretti, Italy
4
Department of Physics, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Napoli, Italy
5
Laboratory of Petrochemical Processes, Institute of Combustion Problems, 050012 Almaty, Kazakhstan
6
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
7
Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 62-614 Poznan, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2025, 30(17), 3473; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30173473 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 11 June 2025 / Revised: 16 August 2025 / Accepted: 20 August 2025 / Published: 23 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Collection Recycling of Biomass Resources: Biofuels and Biochemicals)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The use of solid products deriving from the pyrolysis of wastes as potential substitute of traditional binders in asphalt preparation is investigated with the final goal of reducing production costs, preserving non-renewable resources, and promoting an effective resource use as well as recovery and recycling procedures, thus implementing a regenerative circular economy approach. Char derived from the pyrolysis of agricultural and aquaculture wastes has been explored as a novel alternative additive for asphalt production. Different feedstocks were used for the preparation of biochar by pyrolysis. The produced char samples, after an in-depth chemical and structural characterization, have been implemented in the preparation of asphalt mixtures, with their potential use as a binder evaluated by performing conventional rheological tests. To evaluate the potential anti-aging effect of char as an additive, bituminous formulations containing 3 to 6 wt.% char were subjected to short-term simulated aging using the Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test (RTFOT) method. The resulting mechanical properties were then assessed. The results indicate that the all the tested char samples have limited modifying properties towards the gel-to-sol transition temperature. Among the samples, lemon peel-derived char (LP-char) showed superior antioxidant properties against bitumen oxidative aging. This study suggests that certain chemical characteristics can serve as predictive indicators of antioxidant activity in biochars produced from biomass pyrolysis.
Keywords: waste biomass; biochar; valorization; bitumen modifier waste biomass; biochar; valorization; bitumen modifier

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MDPI and ACS Style

Caputo, P.; Gargiulo, V.; Calandra, P.; Loise, V.; Cimino, L.; Clemente, C.; Kenzhegaliyeva, A.; Ongarbayev, Y.; Oliviero Rossi, C.; Pochilskj, M.; et al. Valorization of Agricultural Wastes into Environmentally Sustainable Asphalt Binders. Molecules 2025, 30, 3473. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30173473

AMA Style

Caputo P, Gargiulo V, Calandra P, Loise V, Cimino L, Clemente C, Kenzhegaliyeva A, Ongarbayev Y, Oliviero Rossi C, Pochilskj M, et al. Valorization of Agricultural Wastes into Environmentally Sustainable Asphalt Binders. Molecules. 2025; 30(17):3473. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30173473

Chicago/Turabian Style

Caputo, Paolino, Valentina Gargiulo, Pietro Calandra, Valeria Loise, Luciana Cimino, Claudio Clemente, Aliya Kenzhegaliyeva, Yerdos Ongarbayev, Cesare Oliviero Rossi, Mikołaj Pochilskj, and et al. 2025. "Valorization of Agricultural Wastes into Environmentally Sustainable Asphalt Binders" Molecules 30, no. 17: 3473. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30173473

APA Style

Caputo, P., Gargiulo, V., Calandra, P., Loise, V., Cimino, L., Clemente, C., Kenzhegaliyeva, A., Ongarbayev, Y., Oliviero Rossi, C., Pochilskj, M., Gapinski, J., & Alfè, M. (2025). Valorization of Agricultural Wastes into Environmentally Sustainable Asphalt Binders. Molecules, 30(17), 3473. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30173473

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