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Article

Lyophilized Polyvinyl Alcohol and Chitosan Scaffolds Pre-Loaded with Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles for Tissue Regeneration

by
Andrés Felipe Niebles Navas
1,
Daniela G. Araujo-Rodríguez
1,
Carlos-Humberto Valencia-Llano
2,
Daniel Insuasty
3,
Johannes Delgado-Ospina
4,
Diana Paola Navia-Porras
4,
Paula A. Zapata
5,
Alberto Albis
6 and
Carlos David Grande-Tovar
1,*
1
Grupo de Investigación de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia
2
Grupo Biomateriales Dentales, Escuela de Odontología, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B Número 36-00, Cali 760001, Colombia
3
Departamento de Química y Biología, División de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 Vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia
4
Grupo de Investigación Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de San Buenaventura Cali, Carrera 122 Número 6-65, Cali 760001, Colombia
5
Grupo de Polímeros, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170020, Chile
6
Grupo de Investigación en Bioprocesos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2024, 29(16), 3850; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29163850
Submission received: 27 June 2024 / Revised: 31 July 2024 / Accepted: 8 August 2024 / Published: 14 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biobased Materials for Tissue Engineering)
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Abstract

Materials with a soft tissue regenerative capacity can be produced using biopolymer scaffolds and nanomaterials, which allow injured tissue to recover without any side effects or limitations. Four formulations were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CS), with silicon dioxide nanoparticles (NPs-SiO2) incorporated using the freeze-drying method at a temperature of −50 °C. TGA and DSC showed no change in thermal degradation, with glass transition temperatures around 74 °C and 77 °C. The interactions between the hydroxyl groups of PVA and CS remained stable. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the incorporation of NPs-SiO2 complemented the freeze-drying process, enabling the dispersion of the components on the polymeric matrix and obtaining structures with a small pore size (between 30 and 60 μm) and large pores (between 100 and 160 μm). The antimicrobial capacity analysis of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria revealed that the scaffolds inhibited around 99% of K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, and S. aureus ATCC 55804. The subdermal implantation analysis demonstrated tissue growth and proliferation, with good biocompatibility, promoting the healing process for tissue restoration through the simultaneous degradation and formation of type I collagen fibers. All the results presented expand the boundaries in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine by highlighting the crucial role of nanoparticles in optimizing scaffold properties.
Keywords: chitosan; lyophilized scaffolds; polyvinyl alcohol; silicon dioxide nanoparticles chitosan; lyophilized scaffolds; polyvinyl alcohol; silicon dioxide nanoparticles

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MDPI and ACS Style

Niebles Navas, A.F.; Araujo-Rodríguez, D.G.; Valencia-Llano, C.-H.; Insuasty, D.; Delgado-Ospina, J.; Navia-Porras, D.P.; Zapata, P.A.; Albis, A.; Grande-Tovar, C.D. Lyophilized Polyvinyl Alcohol and Chitosan Scaffolds Pre-Loaded with Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles for Tissue Regeneration. Molecules 2024, 29, 3850. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29163850

AMA Style

Niebles Navas AF, Araujo-Rodríguez DG, Valencia-Llano C-H, Insuasty D, Delgado-Ospina J, Navia-Porras DP, Zapata PA, Albis A, Grande-Tovar CD. Lyophilized Polyvinyl Alcohol and Chitosan Scaffolds Pre-Loaded with Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles for Tissue Regeneration. Molecules. 2024; 29(16):3850. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29163850

Chicago/Turabian Style

Niebles Navas, Andrés Felipe, Daniela G. Araujo-Rodríguez, Carlos-Humberto Valencia-Llano, Daniel Insuasty, Johannes Delgado-Ospina, Diana Paola Navia-Porras, Paula A. Zapata, Alberto Albis, and Carlos David Grande-Tovar. 2024. "Lyophilized Polyvinyl Alcohol and Chitosan Scaffolds Pre-Loaded with Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles for Tissue Regeneration" Molecules 29, no. 16: 3850. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29163850

APA Style

Niebles Navas, A. F., Araujo-Rodríguez, D. G., Valencia-Llano, C.-H., Insuasty, D., Delgado-Ospina, J., Navia-Porras, D. P., Zapata, P. A., Albis, A., & Grande-Tovar, C. D. (2024). Lyophilized Polyvinyl Alcohol and Chitosan Scaffolds Pre-Loaded with Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles for Tissue Regeneration. Molecules, 29(16), 3850. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29163850

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