Influence of Centrifugation and Transmembrane Treatment on Determination of Polyphenols and Antioxidant Ability for Sea Buckthorn Juice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Sample Preparation
2.3. Centrifugation and Transmembrane Treatment
2.4. Determination of Total Phenolic Content (TPC)
2.5. DPPH Assay
2.6. ABTS Assay
2.7. FRAP Assay
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Standard Curve of TPC, DPPH-Scavenging Ability (DPPH-SA), ABTS-Scavenging Ability (ABTS-SA) and FRAP
3.2. Influence of Centrifugation and Transmembrane Treatment on Determination of Polyphenols
3.3. Influence of Centrifugation and Transmembrane Treatment on Determination of DPPH-Scavenging Ability (DPPH-SA)
3.4. Influence of Centrifugation and Transmembrane Treatment on Correlation of TPC and Antioxidant Ability
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
TPC | Total phenolic content |
HPLC | High performance liquid chromatography |
GC | Gas chromatography |
GC-MS | Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry |
F-C | Folin-Ciocalteu |
G-B | Prussian Blue |
F-T | Ferrous Tartrate |
DPPH | 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl |
ABTS | 2,2′–azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt |
FRAP | Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power |
ORAC | Oxygen radical absorbance capacity |
TRAP | Total peroxyl radical-trapping antioxidant parameter assay |
TOSC | Total oxyradical scavenging capacity |
DPPH-SA | DPPH-scavenging ability |
ABTS-SA | ABTS-scavenging ability |
PES | Polyether sulfone |
CA | Acetate fiber |
PVDF | Polyvinylidene fluoride hydrophilic |
PTFE | Polytetrafluoroethylene hydrophilic |
PP | Polypropylene membrane |
EC | Epicatechin |
EGC | Epigallocatechin |
EGCG | Epigallocatechin Gallate |
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Fermentation Time (d) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TPC (mg GAE/L) | Method (C) | 596.44 ± 23.35 h | 608.77 ± 10.48 hgf | 618.12 ± 8.73 hgf | 631.03 ± 13.92 hgf | 630.54 ± 31.96 hgf | 630.57 ± 27.71 hgf | 633.58 ± 24.09 hgf |
Method (CF) | 602.95 ± 19.46 h | 612.12 ± 15.98 hgf | 622.94 ± 12.68 hgf | 641.46 ± 20.25 hgf | 661.35 ± 11.55 hgfe | 669.03 ± 17.11 hgfe | 689.64 ± 34.07 ef | |
Method (F) | 606.61 ± 17.73 hg | 614.48 ± 26.35 hgf | 620.24 ± 14.50 hgf | 648.42± 42.76 hgf | 659.33 ± 25.03 hgfe | 662.67 ± 8.45 hgfe | 684.79 ± 20.99 gfe | |
Method (N) | 735.39 ± 28.49 de | 810.55 ± 16.84 cd | 850.55 ± 20.25 bc | 875.70 ± 29.41 bc | 905.39 ± 16.50 b | 928.73 ± 28.88 ba | 999.94 ± 65.70 a |
Fermentation Time (d) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DPPH-SA (mg TE/L) | Method (C) | 438.84 ± 17.83 h | 443.87 ± 20.78 hg | 452.05 ± 13.97 hg | 462.74 ± 36.65 hgf | 479.09 ± 15.44 hgfe | 472.8 ± 13.25 hgf | 480.98 ± 26.61 hgfde |
Method (CF) | 477.83 ± 20.00 hgf | 507.39 ± 10.50 bcdef | 532.54 ± 22.74 dabc | 537.58 ± 6.54 abc | 540.09 ± 15.82 abc | 541.35 ± 8.65 abc | 540.72 ± 12.28 abc | |
Method (F) | 476.58 ± 8.92 hgf | 494.18 ± 14.73 gfcde | 531.92 ± 11.32 abcde | 534.43 ± 13.65 abc | 539.46 ± 14.97 abc | 543.24 ± 5.66 abc | 541.35 ± 11.78 abc | |
Method (N) | 505.5 ± 7.55 bcdef | 534.43 ± 7.14 abc | 553.93 ± 4.75 ab | 571.53 ± 8.22 a | 579.08 ± 11.78 a | 576.57 ± 27.75 a | 582.85 ± 28.49 a | |
ABTS-SA (mg TE/L) | Method (C) | 453.60 ± 16.69 h | 565.21 ± 22.68 efgh | 602.41 ± 28.08 cdefg | 629.23 ± 10.49 cdefg | 645.67 ± 39.31 cdef | 640.48 ± 23.26 cdef | 641.35 ± 27.35 cdef |
Method (CF) | 511.02 ± 38.46 gh | 589.14 ± 20.59 defg | 601.87 ± 49.94 cdefg | 680.84 ± 41.88 cde | 686.79 ± 33.12 bcd | 696.98 ± 20.38 bcd | 703.77 ± 16.96 bcd | |
Method (F) | 525.68 ± 23.56 fgh | 587.27 ± 39.90 defg | 612.09 ± 40.37 cdefg | 684.71 ± 31.00 bcde | 689.31 ± 25.02 bcde | 703.10 ± 38.74 bcd | 704.94 ± 44.12 bcd | |
Method (N) | 682.63 ± 55.58 cde | 723.81 ± 72.09 bc | 809.61 ± 28.35 ab | 895.41 ± 48.08 a | 897.98 ± 25.74 a | 916.86 ± 22.49 a | 922.00 ± 27.76 a | |
FRAP (mg TE/L) | Method (C) | 407.59 ± 10.52 k | 445.86 ± 13.14 jk | 485.06 ± 32.08 efghijk | 523.02 ± 16.98 defghij | 533.83 ± 23.69 defghi | 536.91 ± 21.40 defghi | 548.33 ± 6.07 defg |
Method (CF) | 459.14 ± 6.17 hijk | 477.65 ± 5.58 fghijk | 545.86 ± 20.38 defgh | 560.99 ± 26.78 defg | 562.84 ± 33.67 def | 565.62 ± 18.55 de | 599.57 ± 17.18 cd | |
Method (F) | 457.28 ± 47.97 ijk | 475.8 ± 14.05 ghijk | 552.65 ± 21.84 defg | 562.84 ± 16.31 def | 570.56 ± 15.30 de | 574.26 ± 13.04 d | 600.49 ± 21.96 cd | |
Method (N) | 515.93 ± 11.82 defghij | 671.17 ± 38.00 bc | 722.10 ± 23.90 b | 732.90 ± 33.54 b | 851.11 ± 36.93 a | 844.32 ± 45.45 a | 916.54 ± 65.38 a |
Method (C) | TPC | DPPH-SA | ABTS-SA | FRAP | |
TPC | 1 | ||||
DPPH-SA | 0.8838 ** | 1 | |||
ABTS-SA | 0.9208 ** | 0.8500 * | 1 | ||
FRAP | 0.9491 ** | 0.9528 ** | 0.9488 ** | 1 | |
Method (CF) | TPC | DPPH-SA | ABTS-SA | FRAP | |
TPC | 1 | ||||
DPPH-SA | 0.8032 * | 1 | |||
ABTS-SA | 0.9244 ** | 0.9342 ** | 1 | ||
FRAP | 0.8957 ** | 0.9376 ** | 0.9216 ** | 1 | |
Method (F) | TPC | DPPH-SA | ABTS-SA | FRAP | |
TPC | 1 | ||||
DPPH-SA | 0.8599 * | 1 | |||
ABTS-SA | 0.9410 ** | 0.9356 ** | 1 | ||
FRAP | 0.9244 ** | 0.9780 ** | 0.9352 ** | 1 | |
Method (N) | TPC | DPPH-SA | ABTS-SA | FRAP | |
TPC | 1 | ||||
DPPH-SA | 0.9352 ** | 1 | |||
ABTS-SA | 0.9196 ** | 0.9791 ** | 1 | ||
FRAP | 0.9777 ** | 0.9528 ** | 0.9136 ** | 1 |
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Wu, D.; Xia, Q.; Huang, H.; Tian, J.; Ye, X.; Wang, Y. Influence of Centrifugation and Transmembrane Treatment on Determination of Polyphenols and Antioxidant Ability for Sea Buckthorn Juice. Molecules 2023, 28, 2446. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062446
Wu D, Xia Q, Huang H, Tian J, Ye X, Wang Y. Influence of Centrifugation and Transmembrane Treatment on Determination of Polyphenols and Antioxidant Ability for Sea Buckthorn Juice. Molecules. 2023; 28(6):2446. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062446
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Dan, Qile Xia, Huilin Huang, Jinhu Tian, Xingqian Ye, and Yanbin Wang. 2023. "Influence of Centrifugation and Transmembrane Treatment on Determination of Polyphenols and Antioxidant Ability for Sea Buckthorn Juice" Molecules 28, no. 6: 2446. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062446