Fluoride Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Modified Zeolite—Kinetic and Isotherm Studies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Material Characterization
2.2. Influence of the Adsorbent Amount
2.3. Influence of the Stirring on Fluoride Adsorption (Dynamic vs. Static)
2.4. Influence of Fluoride Initial Concentration and Contact Time
- Between 5 min and 50 min, the removal rate is faster due to the higher number of available active sites on the adsorbent surface.
- Between 50 and 180 min there is the second zone, which is similar but with a plateau, where the removal rate decreases due to the synergic action, the lower number of available active sites, and fewer available fluoride ions; this behavior was also observed by Tan et al. [31] and was described as a phase of pseudo-equilibrium between the rates of adsorption and desorption.
2.5. Influence of pH on the Fluoride Ions Removal
2.6. Influence of Temperature on the Fluoride Ions Removal
2.7. Influence of Co-Existing Ions on the Fluoride Ions Adsorption
2.8. Kinetics of Adsorption
2.9. Adsorption Isotherms
2.10. Thermodynamic Study
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Modified Zeolite
3.1.1. Feed Solution
3.1.2. Fluoride Ions Analysis
3.2. Structural and Composition Analysis of the Adsrobent
3.3. Batch Adsorption Studies and Influence of Adsorbent Mass
3.4. Influence of Contact Time
3.5. The pH and Temperature Influence
3.6. Effect of Co-Existing Ions
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Adsorbent Type | Adsorbent Dosage (g/L) | Adsorption Capacity (mg/g) | References |
---|---|---|---|
Acid-modified alumina | 14 | 69.52 | [21] |
Natural zeolites from Ethiopia | 60 | 0.47 | [36] |
Aluminum modified zeolite | 3 | 2.37 | [37] |
Lanthanum hydroxide modified magnetites | 100 | 1.42 | [38] |
Marble apatite-CM | 10 | 4.23 | [39] |
Lanthanum oxyhydroxides anchored commercial granular activated carbon | 3.33 | 9.98 | [40] |
Modified clinoptilolite | 0.5 | 1.74 | This work |
Kinetic Parameters | Initial Concentrations of Fluoride (mg/L) | ||
---|---|---|---|
5 | 8 | 10 | |
Pseudo-first-order model | |||
qeexp (mg/g) | 0.927 | 1.451 | 1.736 |
qeth (mg/g) | 0.108 | 0.326 | 0.384 |
K1 (min−1) | 0.039 | 0.032 | 0.053 |
R2 | 0.947 | 0.959 | 0.947 |
Pseudo-second-order model | |||
qeexp (mg/g) | 0.927 | 1.451 | 1.736 |
qeth (mg/g) | 0.931 | 1.468 | 1.785 |
K2 (g/mg min) | 1.516 | 0.376 | 0.337 |
R2 | 1 | 0.999 | 0.999 |
Intraparticle diffusion model | |||
Kid | 0.011 | 0.034 | 0.046 |
C | 0.813 | 1.101 | 1.302 |
R2 | 0.704 | 0.803 | 0.687 |
Langmuir Model | Freundlich Model | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
q0 (mg/g) | KL (L/mg) | R2 | RL | Kf | n | R2 |
2.456 | 1.706 | 0.999 | 0.124 | 1.418 | 1.907 | 0.939 |
Thermodynamic Parameters | Temperature (°C) | ||
---|---|---|---|
25.2 | 47.5 | 58.7 | |
ΔG ° (K·J·mol−1) | −0.266 | −1.163 | −1.613 |
ΔH ° (K·J·mol−1) | 11.731 | 11.731 | 11.731 |
ΔS ° (J·mol−1·K−1) | 40.231 | 40.231 | 40.231 |
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Turki, T.; Hamdouni, A.; Enesca, A. Fluoride Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Modified Zeolite—Kinetic and Isotherm Studies. Molecules 2023, 28, 4076. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104076
Turki T, Hamdouni A, Enesca A. Fluoride Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Modified Zeolite—Kinetic and Isotherm Studies. Molecules. 2023; 28(10):4076. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104076
Chicago/Turabian StyleTurki, Thouraya, Abdelkader Hamdouni, and Alexandru Enesca. 2023. "Fluoride Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Modified Zeolite—Kinetic and Isotherm Studies" Molecules 28, no. 10: 4076. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104076