Thiourea-Capped Nanoapatites Amplify Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Zea mays L. by Conserving Photosynthetic Pigments, Osmolytes Biosynthesis and Antioxidant Biosystems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Characterization of TU–ANPs
2.2. Effect of TU–ANPs on Germination Indices and Vegetative Performance
2.3. Effect of TU–ANPs on Photosynthetic Pigments and Osmolytes
2.4. Effect of TU–ANPs on Antioxidation Biosystem
3. Discussion
4. Material and Methods
4.1. Synthesis and Characterization of TU–ANPs
4.2. Plant Material and Growth Conditions
4.3. Physiological and Biochemical Analysis
4.4. Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes (POD, APX, CAT and SOD)
4.5. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatments | Leaf Length (cm) | Leaf Width (cm) | Leaf Fresh wt. (gm) | Leaf Dry wt. (gm) | Leaf Area (cm2) | Shoot Length (cm) | Shoot Fresh wt. (gm) | Shoot Dry wt. (gm) | Root Length (cm) | Root Fresh wt. (gm) | Root Dry wt. (gm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 38 b | 2.3 cd | 1.9 | 0.22 | 42.10 ab | 8.5 a | 27.13 bc | 0.75 | 6.2 bc | 7.5 abc | 0.70 |
T2 | 35 cd | 1.9 d | 1.4 | 0.20 | 41.89 bc | 8.5 a | 23.44 de | 0.73 | 6.0 cd | 7.2 bcd | 0.69 |
T3 | 31 d | 1.8 d | 1.3 | 0.20 | 40.54 bc | 6.1 bc | 20.29 e | 0.70 | 5.5 d | 7.0 bcd | 0.68 |
T4 | 41 b | 3.2 abc | 2.0 | 0.25 | 41.54 bc | 5.5 bc | 28.07 ab | 0.74 | 6.8 cb | 7.7 ab | 0.71 |
T5 | 40 bc | 2.7 bc | 1.8 | 0.21 | 40.64 bc | 5.0 c | 26.92 bc | 0.70 | 6.0 c | 7.1 bc | 0.70 |
T6 | 39 bc | 2.3 cd | 1.4 | 0.20 | 40.55 bc | 4.9 c | 21.47 de | 0.66 | 5.8 cd | 7.0 bc | 0.69 |
T7 | 40 bc | 3.5 ab | 2.2 | 0.26 | 43.42 a | 7.6 ab | 28.86 a | 0.79 | 7.0 a | 7.9 ab | 0.74 |
T8 | 39 bc | 2.6 bc | 1.9 | 0.25 | 42.78 ab | 8.7 a | 27.20 ab | 0.76 | 6.8 ab | 7.6 abc | 0.69 |
T9 | 31 d | 1.9 d | 1.5 | 0.22 | 40.87 bc | 7.1 ab | 25.11 cd | 0.60 | 6.1 cd | 6.9 cd | 0.60 |
T10 | 51 a | 3.8 a | 2.5 | 0.25 | 43.98 a | 6.4 bc | 29.79 a | 0.80 | 7.1 a | 8.0 a | 0.73 |
T11 | 50 a | 2.8 bc | 2.0 | 0.19 | 40.00 bc | 7.0 ab | 25.37 cd | 0.60 | 6.2 bc | 7.6 ab | 0.69 |
T12 | 49 a | 1.6 d | 1.2 | 0.17 | 39.98 bc | 6.1 bc | 23.25 d | 0.59 | 6.0 cd | 6.5 d | 0.59 |
LSD | 5.68 | 1.12 | NS | NS | 2.25 | 2.32 | 2.61 | NS | 0.65 | 0.80 | NS |
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Faryal, S.; Ullah, R.; Khan, M.N.; Ali, B.; Hafeez, A.; Jaremko, M.; Qureshi, K.A. Thiourea-Capped Nanoapatites Amplify Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Zea mays L. by Conserving Photosynthetic Pigments, Osmolytes Biosynthesis and Antioxidant Biosystems. Molecules 2022, 27, 5744. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27185744
Faryal S, Ullah R, Khan MN, Ali B, Hafeez A, Jaremko M, Qureshi KA. Thiourea-Capped Nanoapatites Amplify Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Zea mays L. by Conserving Photosynthetic Pigments, Osmolytes Biosynthesis and Antioxidant Biosystems. Molecules. 2022; 27(18):5744. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27185744
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaryal, Sana, Rehman Ullah, Muhammad Nauman Khan, Baber Ali, Aqsa Hafeez, Mariusz Jaremko, and Kamal Ahmad Qureshi. 2022. "Thiourea-Capped Nanoapatites Amplify Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Zea mays L. by Conserving Photosynthetic Pigments, Osmolytes Biosynthesis and Antioxidant Biosystems" Molecules 27, no. 18: 5744. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27185744