Combined Effects of Carotenoids and Polyphenols in Balancing the Response of Skin Cells to UV Irradiation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Carotenoids and Polyphenols Inhibit UVB-Induced Activation of the NFκB Transcription System
2.2. Cooperative Inhibition of UVB-Induced IL-6 Secretion by Combinations of Carotenoids and Polyphenols
2.3. Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) Secretion from Human Dermal Fibroblasts Is Reduced by Carnosic Acid Treatment
2.4. Synergistic Activation of the ARE/Nrf2 Transcription System in Skin Cells by Phytonutrient Combinations
2.5. Bioavailability of Carotenoids from Lycored Tomato Nutrient Complex for Skin (LycodermTM)
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Cell Culture and Treatment
4.3. Reporter Constructs
4.4. Transient Transfection and Reporter Gene Assay
4.5. Measurement of IL-6 Levels
4.6. Measurement of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)
4.7. Bioavailability of Carotenoid Supplements
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Calniquer, G.; Khanin, M.; Ovadia, H.; Linnewiel-Hermoni, K.; Stepensky, D.; Trachtenberg, A.; Sedlov, T.; Braverman, O.; Levy, J.; Sharoni, Y. Combined Effects of Carotenoids and Polyphenols in Balancing the Response of Skin Cells to UV Irradiation. Molecules 2021, 26, 1931. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071931
Calniquer G, Khanin M, Ovadia H, Linnewiel-Hermoni K, Stepensky D, Trachtenberg A, Sedlov T, Braverman O, Levy J, Sharoni Y. Combined Effects of Carotenoids and Polyphenols in Balancing the Response of Skin Cells to UV Irradiation. Molecules. 2021; 26(7):1931. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071931
Chicago/Turabian StyleCalniquer, Glenda, Marina Khanin, Hilla Ovadia, Karin Linnewiel-Hermoni, David Stepensky, Aviram Trachtenberg, Tanya Sedlov, Oleg Braverman, Joseph Levy, and Yoav Sharoni. 2021. "Combined Effects of Carotenoids and Polyphenols in Balancing the Response of Skin Cells to UV Irradiation" Molecules 26, no. 7: 1931. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071931