Identification of Repellent and Insecticidal Constituents of the Essential Oil of Artemisia rupestris L. Aerial Parts against Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Essential Oil Chemical Composition
Peak No. | RI * | Compound | Composition, % |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 967 | Sabinene | 0.06 |
2 | 981 | β-Pinene | 0.19 |
3 | 992 | Myrcene | 1.47 |
4 | 1018 | (+)-4-Carene | 0.19 |
5 | 1023 | β-Cymene | 0.11 |
6 | 1030 | D-Limonene | 0.28 |
7 | 1032 | 1,8-Cineol | 0.39 |
8 | 1067 | cis-Linalool oxide | 0.19 |
9 | 1094 | Linalool | 7.56 |
10 | 1175 | 4-Terpineol | 3.92 |
11 | 1188 | α-Terpineol | 10.09 |
12 | 1204 | Verbenone | 0.61 |
13 | 1227 | Citronellol | 2.23 |
14 | 1255 | Geraniol | 2.01 |
15 | 1285 | Bornyl acetate | 0.62 |
16 | 1340 | Linalyl propionate | 2.62 |
17 | 1349 | α-Cubebene | 0.69 |
18 | 1351 | α-Terpinyl acetate | 37.18 |
19 | 1355 | Citronellol acetate | 2.14 |
20 | 1356 | Eugenol | 1.18 |
21 | 1391 | β-Elemene | 0.85 |
22 | 1420 | β-Caryophyllene | 1.80 |
23 | 1453 | Geranyl acetone | 1.11 |
24 | 1457 | ( Z)-β-Farnesene | 0.61 |
25 | 1494 | α-Selinene | 1.07 |
26 | 1523 | δ-Cadinene | 1.36 |
27 | 1578 | Spathulenol | 10.65 |
28 | 1583 | Caryophyllene oxide | 2.09 |
29 | 1663 | Patchoulol | 3.05 |
30 | 1672 | Valeranone | 1.59 |
Total identified | 98.01 | ||
Monoterpenoids | 72.97 | ||
Sesquiterpenoids | 23.86 | ||
Others | 1.18 |
2.2. Insecticidial Activities
Toxicity | Treatment | LD50 LC50 | 95% FL * | Slope ± SE | Chi square (χ2 ) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contact Toxicity (μg/cm2) | A. rupestris | 418.48 | 389.34–447.09 | 8.57 ± 0.83 | 17.92 |
Linalool | 393.16 | 368.45–429.53 | 9.86 ± 0.91 | 13.76 | |
α-Terpineol | 140.30 | 129.67–151.29 | 5.08 ± 0.48 | 18.48 | |
α-Terpinyl acetate | 92.59 | 85.12–100.45 | 7.29 ± 0.74 | 12.88 | |
4-Terpineol | 211.35 | 196.27–230.65 | 8.74 ± 0.83 | 15.47 | |
Pyrethrum extract | 18.99 | 17.56–20.06 | 7.64 ± 1.05 | - | |
Fumigant (mg/L air) | A. rupestris | 6.67 | 6.21–6.98 | 7.03 ± 0.63 | 16.24 |
Linalool | 1.96 | 1.85–2.12 | 5.78 ± 0.56 | 12.33 | |
α-Terpineol | 1.12 | 1.01–1.21 | 4.11 ± 0.34 | 14.56 | |
α-Terpinyl acetate | 1.26 | 1.14–1.33 | 5.49 ± 0.51 | 10.16 | |
4-Terpineol | 0.34 | 0.31–0.38 | 4.13 ± 0.33 | 12.19 | |
Dichlorvos | 1.35 × 10−3 | 1.25–1.47 × 10−3 | 6.87 ± 0.77 | - |
2.3. Repellency
Treatment | 2 h | 4 h | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
13 nL/cm2 | 6.4 nL/cm2 | 3.2 nL/cm2 | 13 nL/cm2 | 6.4 nL/cm2 | 3.2 nL/cm2 | |
DEET | 100 ± 0a | 84 ± 7a | 72 ± 9a | 94 ± 2a | 82 ± 6a | 64 ± 5a |
Oil | 76 ± 8c | 56 ± 4b | 41 ± 6b | 73 ± 6c | 42 ± 9c | 29 ± 7cd |
Linalool | 72 ± 5cd | 42 ± 9c | 27 ± 6c | 53 ± 9d | 31 ± 6d | 23 ± 9d |
α-Terpinol | 85 ± 4bc | 75 ± 4a | 69 ± 9a | 84 ± 6b | 65 ± 7b | 52 ± 7ba |
4-Terpinol | 64 ± 8d | 55 ± 5b | 40 ± 5b | 46 ± 7d | 47 ± 7c | 32 ± 9c |
Terpinyl acetate | 91 ± 7ab | 76 ± 7a | 62 ± 7a | 86 ± 4b | 67 ± 9b | 48 ± 9b |
3. Experimental
3.1. General
3.2. Plant Material and Essential Oil Extraction
3.3. Insects
3.4. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
3.5. Bioassay-Directed Fractionation
3.6. Isolated Constituent Compounds
3.7. Contact Toxicity with Treated Filter Paper
3.8. Fumigant Toxicity
3.9. Repellency
Class | Percent repellency | Class | Percent repellency | Class | Percent repellency |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | >0.01 to <0.1 | II | 20.1–40 | IV | 60.1–80 |
I | 0.1–20 | III | 40.1–60 | V | 80.1–100 |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Liu, X.C.; Li, Y.P.; Li, H.Q.; Deng, Z.W.; Zhou, L.; Liu, Z.L.; Du, S.S. Identification of Repellent and Insecticidal Constituents of the Essential Oil of Artemisia rupestris L. Aerial Parts against Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel. Molecules 2013, 18, 10733-10746. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules180910733
Liu XC, Li YP, Li HQ, Deng ZW, Zhou L, Liu ZL, Du SS. Identification of Repellent and Insecticidal Constituents of the Essential Oil of Artemisia rupestris L. Aerial Parts against Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel. Molecules. 2013; 18(9):10733-10746. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules180910733
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Xin Chao, Yin Ping Li, He Qin Li, Zhi Wei Deng, Ligang Zhou, Zhi Long Liu, and Shu Shan Du. 2013. "Identification of Repellent and Insecticidal Constituents of the Essential Oil of Artemisia rupestris L. Aerial Parts against Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel" Molecules 18, no. 9: 10733-10746. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules180910733