Cryogenic Technology: The Fundamental Backbone of Energy and Power Applications

A special issue of Cryo (ISSN 3042-4860).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 407

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
Interests: thermophysical process of refrigeration and cryogenics; heat and mass transfer in cryogenic systems; thermal management for space cryogenic propellants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
Interests: bubble & droplet dynamics; multiphase flow and instability; surface & interface microfluidics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cryogenic technology has long been a cornerstone in advancing modern key national instruments and infrastructures, offering transformative solutions for managing extreme temperature environments. Its impact spans a wide range of fields—from air separation and liquid natural gas (LNG) industry to pioneering developments in energy storage, and large-scale power plants. For decades, cryogenic systems have provided the technological backbone for the safe and efficient liquefaction, storage, and transport of industrial gases, superconducting systems, and renewable energy solutions, all of which contribute to a sustainable and high-efficiency future.

This Special Issue seeks to capture the latest breakthroughs and interdisciplinary research in cryogenic processes and their myriad applications. We invite researchers to submit original research articles covering, but not limited to, the following topics:

  1. Advanced Cryogenic Processes: Innovations for air, natural gas and other cryogenic fluids in liquefaction, storage, transportation and thermal management. 
  2. Next-Generation Power Generation: Cryogenics in super-conduction and energy storage can revolutionize power transmission and distribution, enabling efficient power grids. 
  3. Advancing the Hydrogen Economy: The production, storage, and safe handling of liquid hydrogen, paving the way for a sustainable hydrogen economy that supports zero-emission transportation and industrial applications. 
  4. Enhanced Materials and Insulation: Future developments in advanced cryogenic materials and insulation techniques promise to improve the safety and performance of cryogenic systems. 
  5. Emerging Industrial Applications: Beyond traditional roles, cryogenic technology is finding novel applications in fields such as quantum computing and high-performance scientific instrumentation, further broadening its impact.

Prof. Dr. Yanzhong Li
Dr. Chengfeng Zhu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cryo is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cryogenic engineering
  • liquid hydrogen
  • cryogenic storage
  • liquefaction and separation
  • aerospace propulsion
  • hydrogen infrastructure
  • energy storage
  • refueling systems
  • low-temperature physics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 3320 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation Research on Thermoacoustic Instability of Cryogenic Hydrogen Filling Pipeline
by Qidong Zhang, Yuan Ma, Fushou Xie, Liqiang Ai, Shengbao Wu and Yanzhong Li
Cryo 2025, 1(3), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryo1030009 - 9 Jul 2025
Viewed by 125
Abstract
This article uses FLUENT to construct a two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical model of a cryogenic hydrogen charging pipeline. By loading with initial temperature gradient and transient initial pressure disturbance, the basic characteristics of low-temperature hydrogen Taconis thermoacoustic oscillation are calculated, including temperature, heat flux [...] Read more.
This article uses FLUENT to construct a two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical model of a cryogenic hydrogen charging pipeline. By loading with initial temperature gradient and transient initial pressure disturbance, the basic characteristics of low-temperature hydrogen Taconis thermoacoustic oscillation are calculated, including temperature, heat flux density distribution, pressure amplitude, and frequency. The instability boundary of hydrogen TAO is also obtained. The results show that (1) the temperature distribution and flow characteristics of the gas inside the pipeline exhibit significant periodic changes. In the first half of the oscillation period, the cold-end gas moves towards the end of the pipeline. Low-viscosity cold hydrogen is easily heated and rapidly expands. In the second half of the cycle, the expanding cold gas pushes the hot-end gas to move towards the cold end, forming a low-pressure zone and causing gas backflow. (2) Thermoacoustic oscillation can also cause additional thermal leakage on the pipeline wall. The average heat flux during one cycle is 1150.1 W/m2 for inflow and 1087.7 W/m2 for outflow, with a net inflow heat flux of 62.4 W/m2. (3) The instability boundary of the system is mainly determined by the temperature ratio of the cold and hot ends α, temperature gradient β, and length ratio of the cold and hot ends ξ. Increasing the pipe diameter and minimizing the pipe length can effectively weaken the amplitude of thermoacoustic oscillations. This study provides theoretical support for predicting thermoacoustic oscillations in low-temperature hydrogen transport pipeline systems and offers insights for system stability control and design verification. Full article
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