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Keywords = weedy rye

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6 pages, 1377 KiB  
Communication
The First Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Secale strictum subsp. africanum Stapf (Poaceae), the Putative Ancestor of the Genus Secale
by Lidia Skuza, Piotr Androsiuk, Romain Gastineau, Magdalena Achrem, Łukasz Paukszto and Jan Paweł Jastrzębski
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(1), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47010064 - 17 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1228
Abstract
Secale strictum ssp. africanum (synonym Secale africanum), a putative ancestor of the genus Secale, has been classified within Secale strictum, although recent phylogenetic studies suggest that it represents a distinct species. This study reports the first complete chloroplast genome of [...] Read more.
Secale strictum ssp. africanum (synonym Secale africanum), a putative ancestor of the genus Secale, has been classified within Secale strictum, although recent phylogenetic studies suggest that it represents a distinct species. This study reports the first complete chloroplast genome of S. africanum, highlighting its structure, genetic composition, and phylogenetic relationships within Secale and related Triticiceae species. Phylogeny reconstruction based on the maximum-likelihood method reveals notable genetic similarity between S. strictum and S. africanum, supporting their genetic and phylogenetic distinction. Here, we assembled the complete, annotated chloroplast genome sequence of Secale strictum ssp. africanum. The genome is 137,068 base pair (bp) long. It is the first complete chloroplast genome that can be used as a reference genome for further analysis. The genome can be accessed on GenBank with the accession number OQ700974. This work sheds light on the evolutionary history of Secale and contributes to our understanding of chloroplast genomics in cereal ancestors, with potential applications in improving cereal crop resilience, advancing breeding strategies, and informing conservation efforts for genetic diversity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Multi-Omics for Functional Genomics Studies and Molecular Breeding)
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16 pages, 1959 KiB  
Article
SPInDel Analysis of the Non-Coding Regions of cpDNA as a More Useful Tool for the Identification of Rye (Poaceae: Secale) Species
by Lidia Skuza, Ewa Filip, Izabela Szućko and Jan Bocianowski
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(24), 9421; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249421 - 10 Dec 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2638
Abstract
Secale is a small but very diverse genus from the tribe Triticeae (family Poaceae), which includes annual, perennial, self-pollinating and open-pollinating, cultivated, weedy and wild species of various phenotypes. Despite its high economic importance, classification of this genus, comprising 3–8 species, is [...] Read more.
Secale is a small but very diverse genus from the tribe Triticeae (family Poaceae), which includes annual, perennial, self-pollinating and open-pollinating, cultivated, weedy and wild species of various phenotypes. Despite its high economic importance, classification of this genus, comprising 3–8 species, is inconsistent. This has resulted in significantly reduced progress in the breeding of rye which could be enriched with functional traits derived from wild rye species. Our previous research has suggested the utility of non-coding sequences of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA in studies on closely related species of the genus Secale. Here we applied the SPInDel (Species Identification by Insertions/Deletions) approach, which targets hypervariable genomic regions containing multiple insertions/deletions (indels) and exhibiting extensive length variability. We analysed a total of 140 and 210 non-coding sequences from cpDNA and mtDNA, respectively. The resulting data highlight regions which may represent useful molecular markers with respect to closely related species of the genus Secale, however, we found the chloroplast genome to be more informative. These molecular markers include non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA: atpB-rbcL and trnT-trnL and non-coding regions of mitochondrial DNA: nad1B-nad1C and rrn5/rrn18. Our results demonstrate the utility of the SPInDel concept for the characterisation of Secale species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chloroplast Development and Function)
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18 pages, 3910 KiB  
Article
Differences in Biomass Production and Water Use Efficiency among Seven Different Cover Crops in the Wet Winter Seasons of 2016/17 and 2018 in South Carolina
by Ricardo St Aime, Geoffrey W. Zehnder, Christopher Talley and Sruthi Narayanan
Agronomy 2020, 10(4), 463; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040463 - 26 Mar 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4423
Abstract
Cover crops can protect soil health and increase climate resilience of crop production systems. Agronomic crop producers in the southern USA often demand information on the best cover crops for their locality and cropping system and on the potential impacts of cover crops [...] Read more.
Cover crops can protect soil health and increase climate resilience of crop production systems. Agronomic crop producers in the southern USA often demand information on the best cover crops for their locality and cropping system and on the potential impacts of cover crops on stored soil water. The present research evaluated biomass production and water use efficiency (WUE) of single species and multispecies winter cover crops in South Carolina. Overall, a five-species mixture of Austrian winter pea, rye, crimson clover, hairy vetch, and oats and a single species of rye had the greatest biomass production (4600–6480 kg ha−1) at the end of the season (19 April 2017 in season-1 and 10 May 2018 in season-2). The five-species mixture also had the greatest WUE (2184–2232 g m−3). None of the cover crops depleted soil water (in 60 cm depth) greater than a weed-free fallow maintained through herbicide application and a weedy fallow (no herbicide application). Since both the seasons, in which the present study was conducted, received greater than normal rainfall, further studies should verify the applicability of the results in dry years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Farming Sustainability)
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