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Keywords = viral inclusion—VIN

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18 pages, 3964 KiB  
Article
Co-Infection Dynamics of Baculovirus Penaei (BP–PvSNPV) in Penaeus vannamei Across Latin America
by Pablo Intriago, Bolivar Montiel, Mauricio Valarezo, Nicole Cercado, Alejandra Montenegro, María Mercedes Vásquez, Melany del Barco and Yamilis Cataño
Viruses 2025, 17(3), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17030374 - 5 Mar 2025
Viewed by 862
Abstract
Baculovirus penaei (BP) is an enteric virus infecting the hepatopancreas and anterior midgut of shrimp, particularly affecting early developmental stages and contributing to hatchery losses. While BP’s role in co-infections is increasingly recognized, its impact on later life stages remains unclear. Despite advancements [...] Read more.
Baculovirus penaei (BP) is an enteric virus infecting the hepatopancreas and anterior midgut of shrimp, particularly affecting early developmental stages and contributing to hatchery losses. While BP’s role in co-infections is increasingly recognized, its impact on later life stages remains unclear. Despite advancements in molecular diagnostics, its high genetic diversity complicates reliable detection, often leading to discrepancies between PCR results and histological observations of occlusion bodies. This study evaluated seven primer pairs for BP detection in Penaeus vannamei. Among histologically confirmed cases, only 6% tested positive with the BPA/BPF primer and 3% with BPA/BPB, while the remaining primers failed to amplify BP, highlighting significant diagnostic limitations. Histopathology revealed bacterial co-infections alongside BP, with advanced cases showing intranuclear occlusion bodies, hepatopancreatic necrosis, and epithelial detachment. These findings underscore the urgent need for improved molecular diagnostics to accurately assess BP prevalence, its role in co-infections, and its overall impact on shrimp health in Latin America. Further research is essential to refine detection methods and determine BP’s pathogenic significance beyond early developmental stages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viruses in Mass-Reared Invertebrates, 2nd Edition)
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29 pages, 12411 KiB  
Article
Advanced Pathogen Monitoring in Penaeus vannamei from Three Latin American Regions: Passive Surveillance Part 2
by Pablo Intriago, Bolivar Montiel, Mauricio Valarezo, Jennifer Gallardo and Yamilis Cataño
Viruses 2025, 17(2), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020187 - 28 Jan 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1038
Abstract
This study presents the second phase of a year-long investigation comparing multiple PCR analyses and histological examinations to confirm the presence of characteristic lesions of each pathogen in three different regions of Latin America. More than 20 agents, including DNA and RNA viruses, [...] Read more.
This study presents the second phase of a year-long investigation comparing multiple PCR analyses and histological examinations to confirm the presence of characteristic lesions of each pathogen in three different regions of Latin America. More than 20 agents, including DNA and RNA viruses, bacteria and microsporidia, have been targeted. In addition to wild Penaeus vannamei, which was studied previously, samples of wild P. stylirostris and P. monodon were included. Notably, a positive PCR test result alone does not confirm the presence of a viable pathogen or a disease state. Similarly, positive PCR results do not necessarily correlate with the presence of histological lesions characteristic of the targeted pathogen. Wenzhou shrimp virus 8 (WzSV8) was found to be widespread among shrimp in all regions, including both farm-raised and wild populations. Histopathological analysis indicated that shrimp typically presented coinfections, such as WzSV8, Decapod hepanhamaparvovirus (DHPV), chronic midgut inflammation, and tubule distension/epithelial atrophy, consistent with the toxicity of Pir A/B or another bacterial toxin. Bacterial muscle necrosis was also found in some regions. In general, bacterial infection was the dominant pathology in all three regions during the year. We also postulate that both WzSV8 and DHPV can infect not only hepatopancreatic cells but also cells in the ceca and intestine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viruses in Mass-Reared Invertebrates, 2nd Edition)
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