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Keywords = variable reverse power flow (VRPF)

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13 pages, 2124 KiB  
Article
On Variable Reverse Power Flow-Part II: An Electricity Market Model Considering Wind Station Size and Location
by Aouss Gabash and Pu Li
Energies 2016, 9(4), 235; https://doi.org/10.3390/en9040235 - 25 Mar 2016
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 7552
Abstract
This is the second part of a companion paper on variable reverse power flow (VRPF) in active distribution networks (ADNs) with wind stations (WSs). Here, we propose an electricity market model considering agreements between the operator of a medium-voltage active distribution network (MV-ADN) [...] Read more.
This is the second part of a companion paper on variable reverse power flow (VRPF) in active distribution networks (ADNs) with wind stations (WSs). Here, we propose an electricity market model considering agreements between the operator of a medium-voltage active distribution network (MV-ADN) and the operator of a high-voltage transmission network (HV-TN) under different scenarios. The proposed model takes, simultaneously, active and reactive energy prices into consideration. The results from applying this model on a real MV-ADN reveal many interesting facts. For instance, we demonstrate that the reactive power capability of WSs will be never utilized during days with zero wind power and varying limits on power factors (PFs). In contrast, more than 10% of the costs of active energy losses, 15% of the costs of reactive energy losses, and 100% of the costs of reactive energy imported from the HV-TN, respectively, can be reduced if WSs are operated as capacitor banks with no limits on PFs. It is also found that allocating WSs near possible exporting points at the HV-TN can significantly reduce wind power curtailments if the operator of the HV-TN accepts unlimited amount of reverse energy from the MV-ADN. Furthermore, the relationships between the size of WSs, VRPF and demand level are also uncovered based on active-reactive optimal power flow (A-R-OPF). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 15 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC 2015))
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