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Keywords = transitional neonatal hypoglycemia

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19 pages, 1830 KiB  
Article
Glucose Levels as a Key Indicator of Neonatal Viability in Small Animals: Insights from Dystocia Cases
by Raquel Rodríguez-Trujillo, Miguel Batista-Arteaga and Kseniia Iusupova
Animals 2025, 15(7), 956; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15070956 - 27 Mar 2025
Viewed by 590
Abstract
Neonatal mortality rates in small animals can reach alarming figures, with perinatal mortality ranging from 20% to 40%, primarily due to the abrupt transition from intrauterine to extrauterine environments. This study investigates the critical role of glucose levels in neonatal viability, particularly in [...] Read more.
Neonatal mortality rates in small animals can reach alarming figures, with perinatal mortality ranging from 20% to 40%, primarily due to the abrupt transition from intrauterine to extrauterine environments. This study investigates the critical role of glucose levels in neonatal viability, particularly in cases of dystocia and fetal stress during cesarean sections. A cohort of 54 mothers and their 284 neonates was analyzed, focusing on maternal weight, litter size, and corresponding neonatal glucose levels. The results indicated a significant relationship between glucose concentrations and Apgar scores, with a cutoff established at 79.50 mg/dL for optimal neonatal viability. Additionally, a higher prevalence of hypoglycemia was documented in neonates with low birth weight and those from smaller litters. The findings underscore the importance of monitoring glucose levels in neonates, as hypoglycemia is associated with various pathologies, including sepsis and portosystemic shunts. Overall, this study highlights the necessity for prompt assessment of glucose levels to improve neonatal outcomes and reduce mortality in small animals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Small Animal Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology)
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9 pages, 534 KiB  
Perspective
Proposed Screening for Congenital Hyperinsulinism in Newborns: Perspective from a Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine Group
by Jeffrey R. Kaiser, Shaili Amatya, Rebecca J. Burke, Tammy E. Corr, Nada Darwish, Chintan K. Gandhi, Adrienne Gasda, Kristen M. Glass, Mitchell J. Kresch, Sarah M. Mahdally, Maria T. McGarvey, Sara J. Mola, Yuanyi L. Murray, Katie Nissly, Nanyaly M. Santiago-Aponte, Jazmine C. Valencia and Timothy W. Palmer
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(10), 2953; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102953 - 17 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3595
Abstract
This perspective work by academic neonatal providers is written specifically for the audience of newborn care providers and neonatologists involved in neonatal hypoglycemia screening. Herein, we propose adding a screen for congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) by measuring glucose and ketone (i.e., β-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB)) concentrations [...] Read more.
This perspective work by academic neonatal providers is written specifically for the audience of newborn care providers and neonatologists involved in neonatal hypoglycemia screening. Herein, we propose adding a screen for congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) by measuring glucose and ketone (i.e., β-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB)) concentrations just prior to newborn hospital discharge and as close to 48 h after birth as possible, at the same time that the mandated state Newborn Dried Blood Spot Screen is obtained. In the proposed protocol, we do not recommend specific metabolite cutoffs, as our primary objective is to simply highlight the concept of screening for CHI in newborns to newborn caregivers. The premise for our proposed screen is based on the known effect of hyperinsulinism in suppressing ketogenesis, thereby limiting ketone production. We will briefly discuss genetic CHI, other forms of neonatal hypoglycemia, and their shared mechanisms; the mechanism of insulin regulation by functional pancreatic islet cell membrane KATP channels; adverse neurodevelopmental sequelae and brain injury due to missing or delaying the CHI diagnosis; the principles of a good screening test; how current neonatal hypoglycemia screening programs do not fulfill the criteria for being effective screening tests; and our proposed algorithm for screening for CHI in newborns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Pediatric Endocrinology)
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