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Keywords = tonal interval space

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16 pages, 5377 KiB  
Article
One-Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of Victoria Green (Ca3Cr2Si3O12) Nanoparticles in Alkaline Fluids and Its Colour Hue Characterisation
by Juan Carlos Rendón-Angeles, Zully Matamoros-Veloza, Jose Luis Rodríguez-Galicia, Gimyeong Seong, Kazumichi Yanagisawa, Aitana Tamayo, Juan Rubio and Lluvia A. Anaya-Chavira
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(2), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020521 - 18 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2670
Abstract
One-pot hydrothermal preparation of Ca3Cr2Si3O12 uvarovite nanoparticles under alkaline conditions was investigated for the first time. The experimental parameters selected for the study considered the concentration of the KOH solvent solution (0.01 to 5.0 M), the [...] Read more.
One-pot hydrothermal preparation of Ca3Cr2Si3O12 uvarovite nanoparticles under alkaline conditions was investigated for the first time. The experimental parameters selected for the study considered the concentration of the KOH solvent solution (0.01 to 5.0 M), the agitation of the autoclave (50 rpm), and the nominal content of Si4+ (2.2–3.0 mole). Fine uvarovite particles were synthesised at 200 °C after a 3 h interval in a highly concentrated 5.0 M KOH solution. The crystallisation of single-phase Ca3Cr2Si3O12 particles proceeded free of by-products via a one-pot process involving a single-step reaction. KOH solutions below 2.5 M and water hindered the crystallisation of the Ca3Cr2Si3O12 particles. The hydrothermal treatments carried out with stirring (50 rpm) and non-stirring triggered the crystallisation of irregular anhedral particles with average sizes of 8.05 and 12.25 nm, respectively. These particles spontaneously assembled into popcorn-shaped agglomerates with sizes varying from 66 to 156 nm. All the powders prepared by the present method exhibited CIE-L*a*b* values that correspond to the Victoria green colour spectral space and have a high near infrared reflectance property. The particle size and structural crystallinity are factors affecting the Victoria pigment optical properties, such as CIE-L*a*b* values, green tonality, and near-infrared reflectance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanoparticles)
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30 pages, 7770 KiB  
Article
A Computational Model of Tonal Tension Profile of Chord Progressions in the Tonal Interval Space
by María Navarro-Cáceres, Marcelo Caetano, Gilberto Bernardes, Mercedes Sánchez-Barba and Javier Merchán Sánchez-Jara
Entropy 2020, 22(11), 1291; https://doi.org/10.3390/e22111291 - 13 Nov 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5856
Abstract
In tonal music, musical tension is strongly associated with musical expression, particularly with expectations and emotions. Most listeners are able to perceive musical tension subjectively, yet musical tension is difficult to be measured objectively, as it is connected with musical parameters such as [...] Read more.
In tonal music, musical tension is strongly associated with musical expression, particularly with expectations and emotions. Most listeners are able to perceive musical tension subjectively, yet musical tension is difficult to be measured objectively, as it is connected with musical parameters such as rhythm, dynamics, melody, harmony, and timbre. Musical tension specifically associated with melodic and harmonic motion is called tonal tension. In this article, we are interested in perceived changes of tonal tension over time for chord progressions, dubbed tonal tension profiles. We propose an objective measure capable of capturing tension profile according to different tonal music parameters, namely, tonal distance, dissonance, voice leading, and hierarchical tension. We performed two experiments to validate the proposed model of tonal tension profile and compared against Lerdahl’s model and MorpheuS across 12 chord progressions. Our results show that the considered four tonal parameters contribute differently to the perception of tonal tension. In our model, their relative importance adopts the following weights, summing to unity: dissonance (0.402), hierarchical tension (0.246), tonal distance (0.202), and voice leading (0.193). The assumption that listeners perceive global changes in tonal tension as prototypical profiles is strongly suggested in our results, which outperform the state-of-the-art models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence and Complexity in Art, Music, Games and Design)
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21 pages, 2050 KiB  
Article
Assistive Model to Generate Chord Progressions Using Genetic Programming with Artificial Immune Properties
by María Navarro-Cáceres, Javier Félix Merchán Sánchez-Jara, Valderi Reis Quietinho Leithardt and Raúl García-Ovejero
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(17), 6039; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10176039 - 31 Aug 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4105
Abstract
In Western tonal music, tension in chord progressions plays an important role in defining the path that a musical composition should follow. The creation of chord progressions that reflects such tension profiles can be challenging for novice composers, as it depends on many [...] Read more.
In Western tonal music, tension in chord progressions plays an important role in defining the path that a musical composition should follow. The creation of chord progressions that reflects such tension profiles can be challenging for novice composers, as it depends on many subjective factors, and also is regulated by multiple theoretical principles. This work presents ChordAIS-Gen, a tool to assist the users to generate chord progressions that comply with a concrete tension profile. We propose an objective measure capable of capturing the tension profile of a chord progression according to different tonal music parameters, namely, consonance, hierarchical tension, voice leading and perceptual distance. This measure is optimized into a Genetic Program algorithm mixed with an Artificial Immune System called Opt-aiNet. Opt-aiNet is capable of finding multiple optima in parallel, resulting in multiple candidate solutions for the next chord in a sequence. To validate the objective function, we performed a listening test to evaluate the perceptual quality of the candidate solutions proposed by our system. Most listeners rated the chord progressions proposed by ChordAIS-Gen as better candidates than the progressions discarded. Thus, we propose to use the objective values as a proxy for the perceptual evaluation of chord progressions and compare the performance of ChordAIS-Gen with chord progressions generators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Learning for Applications in Acoustics: Modeling, Synthesis, and Listening)
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