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Search Results (3)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = time to reach maximum HRR (heat release rate)

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13 pages, 5599 KiB  
Article
Full-Scale Experimental Study on the Combustion Characteristics of a Fuel Island in a High-Speed Railway Station
by Wenbin Wei, Jiaming Zhao, Cheng Zhang, Yanlong Li and Saiya Feng
Fire 2025, 8(8), 291; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8080291 - 24 Jul 2025
Viewed by 460
Abstract
This study aims to provide a reference for the fire protection design and fire emergency response strategies for fuel islands in high-speed railway stations and other transportation buildings. By using an industrial calorimeter, this paper analyzes the combustion characteristics of a fuel island. [...] Read more.
This study aims to provide a reference for the fire protection design and fire emergency response strategies for fuel islands in high-speed railway stations and other transportation buildings. By using an industrial calorimeter, this paper analyzes the combustion characteristics of a fuel island. For the fuel island setup in this test, the fuel island fire development cycle was relatively long, and the maximum fire source heat release rate reached 4615 kW. Before the fire source heat release rate reaches the maximum peak, the HRR curve slowly fluctuates and grows within the first 260 s after ignition. Within the time range of 260 s to 440 s, the fire growth rate resembled that of a t2 medium-speed fire, and within the time range of 400 s to 619 s, it more closely aligned with a t2 fast fire. It is generally suggested that the growth curve of t2 fast fire could be used for the numerical simulation of fuel island fires. The 1 h fire separation method adopted in this paper demonstrated a good fire barrier effect throughout the combustion process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering)
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15 pages, 7057 KiB  
Article
Analysis on the Fire Growth Rate Index Considering of Scale Factor, Volume Fraction, and Ignition Heat Source for Polyethylene Foam Pipe Insulation
by Jung Wook Park, Ohk Kun Lim and Woo Jun You
Energies 2020, 13(14), 3644; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13143644 - 15 Jul 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 60401
Abstract
The fire growth rate index (FIGRA), which is the ratio of the maximum value of the heat release rate (Qmax) and the time (tmax) to reach the maximum heat release rate, is a general method [...] Read more.
The fire growth rate index (FIGRA), which is the ratio of the maximum value of the heat release rate (Qmax) and the time (tmax) to reach the maximum heat release rate, is a general method to evaluate a material in the fire-retardant performance in fire technology. The object of this study aims to predict FIGRA of the polyethylene foam pipe insulation in accordance with the scale factor (Sf), the volume fraction of the pipe insulation (VF) and the ignition heat source (Qig). The compartments made of fireboard have been mock-up with 1/3, 1/4, and 1/5 reduced scales of the compartment as specified in ISO 20632. The heat release rate data of the pipe insulation with the variation of Sf, VF, and Qig are measured from 33 experiments to correlate with FIGRA. Based on a critical analysis of the heat transfer phenomenon from previous research literature, the predictions of Qmax and tmax are presented. It is noticeable that the fire-retardant grade of the polyethylene foam pipe insulation could have Grade B, C, and D in accordance with the test conditions within ±15% deviation of the predicted FIGRA. In case of establishing the database of various types of insulation, the prediction models could apply to evaluate the fire-retardant performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Engineering Fluid Dynamics 2019-2020)
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18 pages, 11171 KiB  
Article
Investigation on Smoke Flow in Stairwells induced by an Adjacent Compartment Fire in High Rise Buildings
by Jun Zhang, Jingwen Weng, Tiannian Zhou, Dongxu Ouyang, Qinpei Chen, Ruichao Wei and Jian Wang
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(7), 1431; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9071431 - 4 Apr 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3788
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the transport phenomena of smoke flow and vertical temperature distribution in a 21-story stairwell with multiple fire locations and openings. A large eddy simulation (LES) method was used to model the smoke flow in a [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the transport phenomena of smoke flow and vertical temperature distribution in a 21-story stairwell with multiple fire locations and openings. A large eddy simulation (LES) method was used to model the smoke flow in a stairwell model with a set of simulation parameters, wherein the fire heat release rate (HRR) and fire location were varied. Based on the results, a wall attachment effect was found in three-dimensional figures. Moreover, with an increase in the fire HRR, the effects were more pronounced. The simulation results verified that the vertical temperature distribution is an index model with a natural logarithm, where the pre-finger factor and attenuation coefficient increase considerably in accordance with an increase in the fire HRR. Moreover, there was a decrease in the maximum temperature (Tm) with an increase in the fire location factor (h*) due to the upward thermal smoke. Moreover, heat mainly accumulates in the area above a fire source. However, h* has a slight influence on the time required to reach Tm within the range of 53–64 s. Furthermore, the direction of the airflow at each side opening in the stairwell varied in accordance with the variation in the fire location changes, and a regular calculation was carried out. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Civil Engineering)
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