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Keywords = styrene/silica composite microspheres

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12 pages, 5075 KiB  
Article
Stabilization of Styrene Pickering Emulsions Using SiO2 Derived from Waste Cement
by Guomei Xu, Jihua Zhang, Defei Long, Huayang Wang, Hanjie Ying and Hongxue Xie
Materials 2025, 18(10), 2281; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18102281 - 14 May 2025
Viewed by 393
Abstract
The initial focus of this study was placed on the conversion of waste into valuable substances. Waste cement was systematically processed to extract silica powder, which was subsequently functionalized with γ-aminopropyl-trimethoxy-silane (KH550) via covalent grafting. The surface-modified silica particles demonstrated optimized amphiphilicity for [...] Read more.
The initial focus of this study was placed on the conversion of waste into valuable substances. Waste cement was systematically processed to extract silica powder, which was subsequently functionalized with γ-aminopropyl-trimethoxy-silane (KH550) via covalent grafting. The surface-modified silica particles demonstrated optimized amphiphilicity for interfacial stabilization, as confirmed by contact angle measurements. When employed in styrene/water Pickering emulsions, these modified silica particles exhibited exceptional stabilization efficiency, enabling the synthesis of core–shell polystyrene/silica composite microspheres visualized by SEM. It was demonstrated by the results that the Pickering emulsions could be stabilized by SiO2 when the appropriate polarity and concentration were achieved. XRD revealed successful silica integration without crystalline phase alteration. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated significantly enhanced thermal stability (50.6% residual mass at 800 °C), indicating substantial flame retardancy potential. This waste-to-functional-material strategy not only addresses environmental concerns but also provides an economically viable pathway for advanced polymer composites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recovered or Recycled Materials for Composites and Other Materials)
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18 pages, 1621 KiB  
Article
Embedding of Hollow Polymer Microspheres with Hydrophilic Shell in Nafion Matrix as Proton and Water Micro-Reservoir
by Bing Guo, Siok Wei Tay, Zhaolin Liu and Liang Hong
Polymers 2012, 4(3), 1499-1516; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym4031499 - 20 Aug 2012
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 10962
Abstract
Assimilating hydrophilic hollow polymer spheres (HPS) into Nafion matrix by a loading of 0.5 wt % led to a restructured hydrophilic channel, composed of the pendant sulfonic acid groups (–SO3H) and the imbedded hydrophilic hollow spheres. The tiny hydrophilic hollow chamber [...] Read more.
Assimilating hydrophilic hollow polymer spheres (HPS) into Nafion matrix by a loading of 0.5 wt % led to a restructured hydrophilic channel, composed of the pendant sulfonic acid groups (–SO3H) and the imbedded hydrophilic hollow spheres. The tiny hydrophilic hollow chamber was critical to retaining moisture and facilitating proton transfer in the composite membranes. To obtain such a tiny cavity structure, the synthesis included selective generation of a hydrophilic polymer shell on silica microsphere template and the subsequent removal of the template by etching. The hydrophilic HPS (100–200 nm) possessed two different spherical shells, the styrenic network with pendant sulfonic acid groups and with methacrylic acid groups, respectively. By behaving as microreservoirs of water, the hydrophilic HPS promoted the Grotthus mechanism and, hence, enhanced proton transport efficiency through the inter-sphere path. In addition, the HPS with the –SO3H borne shell played a more effective role than those with the –CO2H borne shell in augmenting proton transport, in particular under low humidity or at medium temperatures. Single H2-PEMFC test at 70 °C using dry H2/O2 further verified the impactful role of hydrophilic HPS in sustaining higher proton flux as compared to pristine Nafion membrane. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymers for Fuel Cells & Solar Energy)
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