Search Results (5)

Background: Periodontal disease is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory condition caused by dysbiosis of the dental biofilm, leading to destruction of the connective tissue attachment, alveolar bone resorption, and potentially tooth loss. Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), involving subgingival instrumentation, aims to restore periodontal health by reducing the probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) and by improving the clinical attachment level (CAL). The adjunctive use of chemical agents, such as sodium hypochlorite/amino acids (NaOCl) and cross-linked hyaluronic acid (xHyA) gels, has been proposed to enhance the efficacy of NSPT. Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the subgingival application of NaOCl and xHyA gels as adjunctive therapies to NSPT in patients with periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases following PRISMA guidelines. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251074045). Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in human subjects with a follow-up of at least 6 months were included if they assessed outcomes such as PPD, CAL, BOP, or radiographic bone loss (RBL). Studies involving the adjunctive use of NaOCl and xHyA gels were selected according to the PICOS strategy. Results: Two RCTs published between 2023 and 2024, with follow-ups ranging from 6 to 9 months and involving 48–50 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Both studies demonstrated significant improvements in clinical outcomes when sodium hypochlorite and hyaluronic acid were used adjunctively with NSPT compared to when NSPT was used alone. Sites treated with adjunctive therapy showed significantly greater reductions in PPD and greater CAL gains over time. Pocket closure rates were also markedly higher in deep sites (>7 mm) in the adjunctive group than in the control group, indicating a substantial regenerative potential and a possible reduction in the need for surgical intervention. Gingival recession exhibited more favorable recovery trends in the adjunctive group, while BOP frequency decreased in both groups without statistically significant differences. Conclusions: The adjunctive use of NaOCl and xHyA gels in non-surgical periodontal therapy significantly enhances clinical outcomes compared with the use of mechanical debridement alone. Full article

Due to the limitations of SRP, new methods are being sought to support non-surgical periodontal therapy. One of them is the use of antiseptics such as low-concentration sodium hypochlorite gel buffered with amino acids (NaOCl/AA). The aim of the study was to evaluate periodontal parameters and the concentration of metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) after SRP with or without NaOCL/AA gel. The study included 40 periodontal patients randomized to study and control groups. Before SRP, the study group had a gel introduced into pockets with PD ≥ 5 mm. After treatment in both groups, the pocket depth (PD) decreased, there was a CAL gain, and unnoticeable changes in the gingival recession (GR). In the study group, deep pockets accounted for 25% of the sites examined prior to therapy, whereas after therapy, they decreased to 12%. In the control group, the proportion of deep periodontal pockets (PD ≥ 5 mm) fell from 17.46% to 9.05%. No differences were noted between groups. In the study group, there was a significant reduction in the amount of MMP-8 in GCF from 8.32 ng/mL to 5.14 ng/mL after 3 months. No statistically significant difference was observed in the control group. The concentration of IL-8 decreased significantly over time in both groups without differences between them. A single application of the NaOCl/AA gel in deep periodontal pockets does not affect clinical results and IL-8 levels. However, it had a significant effect on the amount of MMP-8. Full article

Stimulation of plant metabolism is a research direction for increasing the nutritional and functional value of food. In a two-year field experiment with spring wheat, eight inducers from different groups (bio- and abiotic; exo- and endogenous) were used. The tested inducers had varied and significant effects on wheat grain yield and quality. Hydrogen peroxide, chitin, and chitosan hydrochloride increased phenolic content and antioxidant activity (by 13.7%, 15.7%, and 10.1%, respectively, compared to control). Analysis of the amino acid composition of caryopses flour showed a significant increase in the content of aspartic acid, alanine, phenylalanine, and arginine after the application of hydrogen peroxide. Application of chitosan hydrochloride, L-phenylalanine, and chitin resulted in an increase in APX gene expression, while sodium hypochlorite significantly decreased CAT gene expression. Potassium iodide and sodium hypochlorite significantly reduced grain yield (by 10.6% and 14.4%, respectively, compared to control) and also worsened quality parameters of grain. Hydrogen peroxide, chitin, and chitosan hydrochloride showed the greatest stimulatory potential, as their application did not worsen, and in some cases improved, yield parameters and increased the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of grain. Hydrogen peroxide further improved the amino acid composition of grains. However, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of effects on plants and to optimize the use of these inducers in agricultural practice. Full article

“GiSelA 17” (Prunus canescens × Prunus avium) is a novel cherry clonal rootstock with the ability to bear fruit early and resist replant situations, and it has a high tolerance to the menaces of Prunus dwarf virus (PDV) and Prunus necrotic ring spot virus (PNRSV). In this study, two kinds of explants were taken, i.e., shoot tip (E1) (10 mm) and nodal segment (E2) (15 mm) explants. Five different sterilant regimes using sodium hypochlorite, mercuric chloride, and ethyl alcohol were employed to assess surface sterilization. Two types of media, namely Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Woody Plant Medium (WPM), and twelve and six plant growth regulator combinations with benzyl amino purine (BAP) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were used, respectively, for the establishment and proliferation steps. The results show that maximum culture asepsis (75.33%) was obtained with shoot tips (E1) using 0.05% HgCl₂ for 5 min + 70% ethanol for 10 s (S4), and maximum explant survival (80.33%) was observed in 0.1% HgCl₂ for 5 min (S1) for shoot tips (E1). The maximum establishment rate (83.33%) was found in shoot tips (E1) in MS medium with BAP + IBA (1 + 0.01 mg/L) during the establishment step, with a maximum proliferation rate of 92.00% obtained in MS and BAP (0.75 mg/L). Inferior establishment results (26.66%) were obtained in nodal segments (E2) using WPM and BAP + IBA (1.50 + 0.01 mg/L), with a low proliferation rate (68.66%) in WPM and BAP + IBA (0.25 + 0.01 mg/L). Nonetheless, our research is the first in vitro study on “GiSelA 17” rootstock that focuses on generating the best quality planting material for commercial cherry production. Full article

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and its active ingredient, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), are the most commonly used chlorine-based disinfectants. HOCl is a fast-acting and potent antimicrobial agent that interacts with several biomolecules, such as sulfur-containing amino acids, lipids, nucleic acids, and membrane components, causing severe cellular damage. It is also produced by the immune system as a first-line of defense against invading pathogens. In this review, we summarize the adaptive responses of Gram-negative bacteria to HOCl-induced stress and highlight the role of chaperone holdases (Hsp33, RidA, Cnox, and polyP) as an immediate response to HOCl stress. We also describe the three identified transcriptional regulators (HypT, RclR, and NemR) that specifically respond to HOCl. Besides the activation of chaperones and transcriptional regulators, the formation of biofilms has been described as an important adaptive response to several stressors, including HOCl. Although the knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in HOCl biofilm stimulation is limited, studies have shown that HOCl induces the formation of biofilms by causing conformational changes in membrane properties, overproducing the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, and increasing the intracellular concentration of cyclic-di-GMP. In addition, acquisition and expression of antibiotic resistance genes, secretion of virulence factors and induction of the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state has also been described as an adaptive response to HOCl. In general, the knowledge of how bacteria respond to HOCl stress has increased over time; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in this stress response is still in its infancy. A better understanding of these mechanisms could help understand host-pathogen interactions and target specific genes and molecules to control bacterial spread and colonization. Full article