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Keywords = sialo metabolism

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18 pages, 2885 KiB  
Article
A Study of the Effects of Oleuropein and Polydatin Association on Muscle and Bone Metabolism
by Maria Beatrice Morelli, Cristina Aguzzi, Riccardo Rascioni and Fiorenzo Mignini
Biomolecules 2025, 15(5), 628; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15050628 - 28 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 563
Abstract
Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are age-related musculoskeletal pathologies that often develop in parallel, and numerous studies support the concept of a bone–muscle unit, where deep interaction between the two tissues takes place. In Mediterranean areas, the lowest incidence of osteoporosis within Europe is observed, [...] Read more.
Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are age-related musculoskeletal pathologies that often develop in parallel, and numerous studies support the concept of a bone–muscle unit, where deep interaction between the two tissues takes place. In Mediterranean areas, the lowest incidence of osteoporosis within Europe is observed, so the Mediterranean diet was suggested to play an important role. Consequently, in this study, oleuropein, a phenolic compound found in olive oil, and polydatin, another natural polyphenol found in the Mediterranean diet, were evaluated to determine their beneficial effects on bone and muscle metabolism. In human osteoblasts and skeletal muscle myoblasts, the effects were examined, and, after analyzing the cytotoxic effect to find non-toxic doses, the modulation of bone and muscle differentiation markers was evaluated at the gene and protein levels using PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Interestingly, the compounds increased markers involved in osteoblast differentiation, such as osteocalcin, type I collagen, and dentin-sialo-phosphoprotein, as well as markers involved in myoblast differentiation, such as myogenic regulatory factors and creatine kinase. These effects were most noticeable when the compounds were administered together. These results suggest a beneficial role for oleuropein–polydatin association on bone and muscle tissue pathologies simultaneously. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Value of Natural Compounds as Therapeutic Agents: 2nd Edition)
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20 pages, 2078 KiB  
Review
Bacterial Sialidases: Biological Significance and Application
by Stephan Engibarov, Yana Gocheva, Irina Lazarkevich and Rumyana Eneva
Appl. Biosci. 2025, 4(2), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/applbiosci4020017 - 1 Apr 2025
Viewed by 1018
Abstract
This review summarizes recent findings on the diverse roles of bacterial sialidases in microbial biology. Bacterial sialidases, also known as neuraminidases, are exog α-lycosidases that cleave terminal sialic acid residues from a number of complex compounds designated as sialoglycoconjugates (glycoproteins, glycolipids and oligosaccharides). [...] Read more.
This review summarizes recent findings on the diverse roles of bacterial sialidases in microbial biology. Bacterial sialidases, also known as neuraminidases, are exog α-lycosidases that cleave terminal sialic acid residues from a number of complex compounds designated as sialoglycoconjugates (glycoproteins, glycolipids and oligosaccharides). Metabolically, they are involved in sialic acid catabolism, providing energy, carbon and nitrogen sources. Catabolic degradation of sialic acids is a physiological feature that can be considered an important virulence factor in pathogenic microorganisms. Sialidases play a pivotal role in host–pathogen interactions and promotion of bacterial colonization. The activity of these enzymes enables bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, tissue invasion, and also provides immune evasion by exposing cryptic receptors and modifying immune components. Many different perspectives are being developed for the potential application of sialidases. In the field of medicine, they are being explored as appropriate targets for antimicrobials, vaccines, diagnostic preparations and in tumor immunotherapy. In the field of enzymatic synthesis, they are used for the regioselective production of oligosaccharide analogs, enzymatic separation of isoenzymes and as a tool for structural analysis of sialylated glycans, among other applications. Full article
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14 pages, 1487 KiB  
Article
Transferrin Isoforms, Old but New Biomarkers in Hereditary Fructose Intolerance
by Ainara Cano, Carlos Alcalde, Amaya Belanger-Quintana, Elvira Cañedo-Villarroya, Leticia Ceberio, Silvia Chumillas-Calzada, Patricia Correcher, María Luz Couce, Dolores García-Arenas, Igor Gómez, Tomás Hernández, Elsa Izquierdo-García, Dámaris Martínez Chicano, Montserrat Morales, Consuelo Pedrón-Giner, Estrella Petrina Jáuregui, Luis Peña-Quintana, Paula Sánchez-Pintos, Juliana Serrano-Nieto, María Unceta Suarez, Isidro Vitoria Miñana and Javier de las Herasadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(13), 2932; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132932 - 30 Jun 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3849
Abstract
Hereditary Fructose Intolerance (HFI) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterised by the deficiency of the hepatic enzyme aldolase B. Its treatment consists in adopting a fructose-, sucrose-, and sorbitol (FSS)-restrictive diet for life. Untreated HFI patients present an abnormal transferrin [...] Read more.
Hereditary Fructose Intolerance (HFI) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterised by the deficiency of the hepatic enzyme aldolase B. Its treatment consists in adopting a fructose-, sucrose-, and sorbitol (FSS)-restrictive diet for life. Untreated HFI patients present an abnormal transferrin (Tf) glycosylation pattern due to the inhibition of mannose-6-phosphate isomerase by fructose-1-phosphate. Hence, elevated serum carbohydrate-deficient Tf (CDT) may allow the prompt detection of HFI. The CDT values improve when an FSS-restrictive diet is followed; however, previous data on CDT and fructose intake correlation are inconsistent. Therefore, we examined the complete serum sialoTf profile and correlated it with FSS dietary intake and with hepatic parameters in a cohort of paediatric and adult fructosemic patients. To do so, the profiles of serum sialoTf from genetically diagnosed HFI patients on an FSS-restricted diet (n = 37) and their age-, sex- and body mass index-paired controls (n = 32) were analysed by capillary zone electrophoresis. We found that in HFI patients, asialoTf correlated with dietary intake of sucrose (R = 0.575, p < 0.001) and FSS (R = 0.475, p = 0.008), and that pentasialoTf+hexasialoTf negatively correlated with dietary intake of fructose (R = −0.386, p = 0.024) and FSS (R = −0.400, p = 0.019). In addition, the tetrasialoTf/disialoTf ratio truthfully differentiated treated HFI patients from healthy controls, with an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.97, 92% sensitivity, 94% specificity and 93% accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers in Genetic Metabolic Disorders)
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