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Keywords = scrambling plus diffusion (SPD)

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28 pages, 6517 KiB  
Article
Fast and Efficient Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Modular Addition and SPD
by Khushbu Khalid Butt, Guohui Li, Sajid Khan and Sohaib Manzoor
Entropy 2020, 22(1), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/e22010112 - 16 Jan 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5421
Abstract
Bit-level and pixel-level methods are two classifications for image encryption, which describe the smallest processing elements manipulated in diffusion and permutation respectively. Most pixel-level permutation methods merely alter the positions of pixels, resulting in similar histograms for the original and permuted images. Bit-level [...] Read more.
Bit-level and pixel-level methods are two classifications for image encryption, which describe the smallest processing elements manipulated in diffusion and permutation respectively. Most pixel-level permutation methods merely alter the positions of pixels, resulting in similar histograms for the original and permuted images. Bit-level permutation methods, however, have the ability to change the histogram of the image, but are usually not preferred due to their time-consuming nature, which is owed to bit-level computation, unlike that of other permutation techniques. In this paper, we introduce a new image encryption algorithm which uses binary bit-plane scrambling and an SPD diffusion technique for the bit-planes of a plain image, based on a card game trick. Integer values of the hexadecimal key SHA-512 are also used, along with the adaptive block-based modular addition of pixels to encrypt the images. To prove the first-rate encryption performance of our proposed algorithm, security analyses are provided in this paper. Simulations and other results confirmed the robustness of the proposed image encryption algorithm against many well-known attacks; in particular, brute-force attacks, known/chosen plain text attacks, occlusion attacks, differential attacks, and gray value difference attacks, among others. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Multidisciplinary Applications)
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