Search Results (3)

The root zone is located at the top level of the DNS system’s hierarchical structure and serves as the entry point for all domain name resolutions. The accuracy of the root zone file determines whether domain names can be resolved correctly. To solve the problems of single-source distrust and inaccurate data in the use of root zone files, this paper utilizes multi-source root zone files to build an accurate, real-time, and highly trustworthy root zone file through the validation of data accuracy and integrity. First, we propose a weighted voting statistical verification method. We select top-level domain name records with the highest confidence from the multi-source root zone data, thereby improving data accuracy. Second, through a dynamic cyclic construction process, we achieve dynamic monitoring of root zone file version changes, effectively ensuring the real-time nature of root zone data. Finally, we adopt a DNSSEC verification mechanism to address the issue of unreliable transmission paths for actively probed root zone data, ensuring data integrity by verifying the signed top-level domain name records and their ZSK, KSK keys. In addition, through the analysis of experimental data, we find that the main reason for the inaccuracy and unreliability of the root zone file is the delay in updating and synchronizing the file. We also discover the presence of redundant KSK keys in some of the source root zone data, which led to failure in the DNSSEC validation chain. The high-trust root zone file constructed in this paper provides data support for research on the root-side resolution anomaly detection and localization application of root zone files and has wide-ranging practical value. Full article

This study aims to compare the shaping efficiency of the nickel–titanium instrument systems, One Reci and ProTaper Ultimate, using micro-CT (micro-computed tomography) in traditional and conservative endodontic access cavities. The experimental groups were formed according to the type of access cavity and Ni–Ti file system to be used. Sixty mandibular molar teeth were randomly divided into two main groups, the conservative access cavity (CAC) group and the traditional access cavity (TAC) group, and randomly divided into two subgroups according to the file system. The groups were compared with a two-way ANOVA analysis in terms of volume change, surface area, non-instrumented area transportation, and thickness of the dentin in the danger zone area after root canal preparation. The groups showed no statistically significant differences in terms of volume change, surface area, or the thickness of the dentin in the danger zone area after root canal preparation (p > 0.05). However, in the percentage of non-instrumented areas post-instrumentation between groups, the percentage of non-instrumented areas was statistically higher in specimens with CAC compared to TAC (p < 0.05). Canal transportation was higher in CAC at all distances from the apical region (p < 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, CAC can also be used with some precautions as an alternative to TAC. Full article

Plants both generate and shed organs throughout their lifetime. Cell separation is in function during opening of anthers to release pollen; floral organs are detached after pollination when they have served their purpose; unfertilized flowers are shed; fruits and seeds are abscised from the mother plant to secure the propagation of new generations. Organ abscission takes place in specialized abscission zone (AZ) cells where the middle lamella between adjacent cell files is broken down. The plant hormone ethylene has a well-documented promoting effect on abscission, but mutation in ethylene receptor genes in Arabidopsis thaliana only delays the abscission process. Microarray and RNA sequencing have identified a large number of genes differentially expressed in the AZs, especially genes encoding enzymes involved in cell wall remodelling and disassembly. Mutations in such genes rarely give a phenotype, most likely due to functional redundancy. In contrast, mutation in the INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) blocks floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis. IDA encodes a small peptide that signals through the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases HAESA (HAE) and HAE-LIKE2 (HSL2) to control floral organ abscission and facilitate lateral root emergence. Untimely abscission is a severe problem in many crops, and in a more applied perspective, it is of interest to investigate whether IDA-HAE/HSL2 is involved in other cell separation processes and other species. Genes encoding IDA and HSL2 orthologues have been identified in all orders of flowering plants. Angiosperms have had enormous success, with species adapted to all kinds of environments, adaptations which include variation with respect to which organs they shed. Here we review, from an evolutionary perspective, the properties of the IDA-HAE/HSL2 signaling module and the evidence for its hypothesized involvement in various cell separation processes in angiosperms. Full article