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Keywords = retinohypothalamic tract

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9 pages, 906 KiB  
Article
Effect of Retinohypothalamic Tract Dysfunction on Melatonin Level in Patients with Chronic Disorders of Consciousness
by Mikhail Kanarskii, Julia Nekrasova, Svetlana Vitkovskaya, Pranil Pradhan, Sergey Peshkov, Elena Borisova, Ilya Borisov, Olga Panasenkova, Marina V. Petrova and Igor Pryanikov
Brain Sci. 2021, 11(5), 559; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050559 - 28 Apr 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2377
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the secretion level of nocturnal melatonin and the characteristics of the peripheral part of the visual analyzer in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC). Materials and Methods: We studied the level of melatonin [...] Read more.
Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the secretion level of nocturnal melatonin and the characteristics of the peripheral part of the visual analyzer in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC). Materials and Methods: We studied the level of melatonin in 22 patients with chronic DOC and in 11 healthy volunteers. The fundus condition was assessed using the ophthalmoscopic method. Results: The average level of nocturnal melatonin in patients with DOC differed by 80% from the level of indole in healthy volunteers. This reveals a direct relationship between etiology, the level of consciousness, gaze fixation, coma recovery scale-revised score and the level of melatonin secretion. Examination by an ophthalmologist revealed a decrease in the macular reflex in a significant number of DOC patients, which in turn correlates negatively with the time from brain injury and positively with low values of nocturnal melatonin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Disorders of Consciousness)
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14 pages, 508 KiB  
Review
The Effect of Light Exposure at Night (LAN) on Carcinogenesis via Decreased Nocturnal Melatonin Synthesis
by Aldo Giudice, Anna Crispo, Maria Grimaldi, Andrea Polo, Sabrina Bimonte, Mario Capunzo, Alfonso Amore, Giovanni D’Arena, Pellegrino Cerino, Alfredo Budillon, Gerardo Botti, Susan Costantini and Maurizio Montella
Molecules 2018, 23(6), 1308; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23061308 - 29 May 2018
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 6844
Abstract
In mammals, a master clock is located within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, a region that receives input from the retina that is transmitted by the retinohypothalamic tract. The SCN controls the nocturnal synthesis of melatonin by the pineal gland that [...] Read more.
In mammals, a master clock is located within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, a region that receives input from the retina that is transmitted by the retinohypothalamic tract. The SCN controls the nocturnal synthesis of melatonin by the pineal gland that can influence the activity of the clock’s genes and be involved in the inhibition of cancer development. On the other hand, in the literature, some papers highlight that artificial light exposure at night (LAN)-induced circadian disruptions promote cancer. In the present review, we summarize the potential mechanisms by which LAN-evoked disruption of the nocturnal increase in melatonin synthesis counteracts its preventive action on human cancer development and progression. In detail, we discuss: (i) the Warburg effect related to tumor metabolism modification; (ii) genomic instability associated with L1 activity; and (iii) regulation of immunity, including regulatory T cell (Treg) regulation and activity. A better understanding of these processes could significantly contribute to new treatment and prevention strategies against hormone-related cancer types. Full article
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