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Keywords = reflex auriculo-cardiac (RAC)

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10 pages, 1792 KiB  
Case Report
Reflex Auriculo-Cardiac (RAC) Induced by Auricular Laser and Needle Acupuncture: New Case Results Using a Smartphone
by Ying-Ling Chen, Kun-Chan Lan, Mark C. Hou, He-Hsi Tsai and Gerhard Litscher
Life 2023, 13(3), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13030853 - 22 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3073
Abstract
The reflex auriculo-cardiac (RAC), dynamic pulse reaction (Nogier reflex), or vascular autonomic signal was proposed by Nogier. It refers to the pulse changes that can occur in the radial artery immediately after auricular acupuncture is performed. RAC is helpful for the clinical practice [...] Read more.
The reflex auriculo-cardiac (RAC), dynamic pulse reaction (Nogier reflex), or vascular autonomic signal was proposed by Nogier. It refers to the pulse changes that can occur in the radial artery immediately after auricular acupuncture is performed. RAC is helpful for the clinical practice of auricular acupuncture, but there is a lack of objective verification methods. Photoplethysmography (PPG) has been used to objectively calculate radial artery blood flow. This study used PPG via a smartphone to measure RAC induced by auricular acupuncture. Thirty subjects without major diseases were recruited to receive traditional needle and laser acupuncture. The Shen Men ear point and control points were stimulated for 20 s. PPG was continuously measured during the acupuncture. The PPG data were tested for differences with a paired t-test. The results showed that there were no statistical differences in the frequency and amplitude of PPG obtained before and after acupuncture, either with a traditional needle or laser acupuncture. However, interestingly, it was found that one patient with insomnia, one patient with viral respiratory symptoms, and two menstruating females exhibited changes in PPG within five seconds of needle placement. We hypothesized that RAC might be induced by auricular acupuncture and could be quantified by PPG, even among subjects suffering from mild diseases; however, auricular acupuncture might not induce a measurable RAC in totally healthy subjects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Acupuncture: Past, Present and Future)
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5 pages, 1111 KiB  
Editorial
Nogier Reflex: Physiological and Experimental Results in Auricular Medicine–A New Hypothesis
by Gerhard Litscher, Theodoros Yannacopoulos and Peter Kreisl
Medicines 2018, 5(4), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines5040132 - 12 Dec 2018
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 12168
Abstract
This editorial describes a new hypothesis concerning the nature and possible mechanisms of the Nogier reflex or reflex auriculo-cardiac (RAC; also vascular autonomic signal VAS). A multimodal concept for future RAC research is proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Auricular Medicine: Gateway to the Brain in Healing)
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