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Keywords = red-bellied black snake

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6 pages, 13526 KiB  
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Quid Pro Quo: A Documented Case of Cannibalism in the Red-Bellied Black Snake Pseudechis porphyriacus in Lamington (Queensland, Australia)
by Tim Lüddecke
Diversity 2023, 15(5), 610; https://doi.org/10.3390/d15050610 - 29 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2062
Abstract
The red-bellied black snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) is a member of the Elapidae family and is distributed on the east coast of Australia. The species is known to feed on a variety of ectothermic prey, including frogs and lizards. It is also [...] Read more.
The red-bellied black snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) is a member of the Elapidae family and is distributed on the east coast of Australia. The species is known to feed on a variety of ectothermic prey, including frogs and lizards. It is also known to be ophiophagous (snake-feeding), and stomach-content analyses suggest that P. porphyriacus also exhibits cannibalistic behavior, yet this extreme case of ophiophagy has rarely been documented. Here, a case of cannibalism in P. porphyriacus, which was observed in Lamington (Queensland, Australia), has been photographically documented and is described. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology, Systematics and Biodiversity of Reptiles)
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23 pages, 1456 KiB  
Article
Venom of the Red-Bellied Black Snake Pseudechis porphyriacus Shows Immunosuppressive Potential
by Rachael Y. M. Ryan, Viviana P. Lutzky, Volker Herzig, Taylor B. Smallwood, Jeremy Potriquet, Yide Wong, Paul Masci, Martin F. Lavin, Glenn F. King, J. Alejandro Lopez, Maria P. Ikonomopoulou and John J. Miles
Toxins 2020, 12(11), 674; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12110674 - 26 Oct 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5168
Abstract
Venoms act with remarkable specificity upon a broad diversity of physiological targets. Venoms are composed of proteins, peptides, and small molecules, providing the foundation for the development of novel therapeutics. This study assessed the effect of venom from the red-bellied black snake ( [...] Read more.
Venoms act with remarkable specificity upon a broad diversity of physiological targets. Venoms are composed of proteins, peptides, and small molecules, providing the foundation for the development of novel therapeutics. This study assessed the effect of venom from the red-bellied black snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) on human primary leukocytes using bead-based flow cytometry, mixed lymphocyte reaction, and cell viability assays. We show that venom treatment had a significant immunosuppressive effect, inhibiting the secretion of interleukin (IL)-2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) from purified human T cells by 90% or greater following stimulation with mitogen (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin) or via cluster of differentiation (CD) receptors, CD3/CD28. In contrast, venom treatment did not inhibit TNF or IL-6 release from antigen-presenting cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. The reduced cytokine release from T cells was not associated with inhibition of T cell proliferation or reduction of cell viability, consistent with an anti-inflammatory mechanism unrelated to the cell cycle. Deconvolution of the venom using reverse-phase HPLC identified four fractions responsible for the observed immunosuppressive activity. These data suggest that compounds from P. porphyriacus venom may be potential drug leads for T cell-associated conditions such as graft versus host disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Development Using Natural Toxins)
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