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Worldwide, the development of massive hydropower projects is becoming more common, especially when it comes to attempts to mitigate environmental degradation and increase a nation’s energy capacity. People affected by projects (PAPs) are forced to relocate in order to support large-scale development initiatives, which puts their lives and livelihoods at jeopardy. In comparison to the value of infrastructure development, which is mostly reaped by distant stakeholders, it comes at a high cost. In relation to CSR/resettlement and rehabilitation programs carried out by construction corporations in Pakistan’s hydropower development, this study on the quality-of-life (QoL) and happiness indicators of PAPs is being conducted. The analysis of factors affecting happiness and other aspects of quality-of-life indicators, including job and livelihood opportunities, housing, health, infrastructure, social interactions, environmental sustainability, inclusion, equity, and diversity, is the goal of this study. Using a questionnaire survey approach, data were directly gathered from PAPs, and about 424 replies were obtained to help with the model’s development. Structural equation modelling has been applied in conjunction with multivariate statistical analysis to analyse data. The outcome demonstrates the essential connections between the concepts that were taught in light of human, social, environmental, physical, and economic problems. The results also show that project supporters’ relocation and rehabilitation efforts fell short of what was needed to improve the quality of people’s lives. As a result, a conceptual framework specifically tailored to the hydropower construction region has been created and verified to provide PAPs with a high-quality living environment. Full article

Coal deposits are generally found in either riverine and/or beneath forest area. The coerced displacement of project-affected people (PAPs) for coal mining endangers the in situ conservation of their life/livelihood. It accounts for a heavy price against the mineral value mostly harvested by distant stakeholders. A study on quality of life (QoL) enroute happiness indices of PAPs is undertaken with reference to CSR/resettlement and rehabilitation initiatives undertaken by mining companies in coalfields of Jharkhand. This study aims to analyze elements influencing quality of life and happiness indices such as job/income opportunity, housing affordability, health security, infrastructure, social relations, environment sustainability, inclusivity, equity and diversity. Data were collected directly from PAPs using a questionnaire survey method and almost 501 responses received to assist in development of the model. Multivariate statistical analysis has been used with application of structural equation modeling methodology for data analysis. The result shows vital relations among the constructs introduced based on human, social, natural, physical and economical concerns. The findings also indicate inadequate resettlement and rehabilitation initiatives undertaken by project proponents towards restoring life quality. Thus, the conceptual framework customized to mining area is developed and validated for rendering a qualitative life-ecosystems to the PAPs. Full article