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Keywords = proboscis monkey

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12 pages, 734 KB  
Article
Isolation of Bacteria from Freeze-Dried Samples and the Functional Characterization of Species-Specific Lactic Acid Bacteria with a Comparison of Wild and Captive Proboscis Monkeys
by Nami Suzuki-Hashido, Sayaka Tsuchida, Akinori Azumano, Benoit Goossens, Diana A. Ramirez Saldivar, Danica J. Stark, Augustine Tuuga, Kazunari Ushida and Ikki Matsuda
Microorganisms 2023, 11(6), 1458; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061458 - 31 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2986
Abstract
Previously, we isolated a novel lactic acid bacteria species (Lactobacillus nasalidis) from the fresh forestomach contents of a captive proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in a Japanese zoo. In this study, we isolated two strains of L. nasalidis from the [...] Read more.
Previously, we isolated a novel lactic acid bacteria species (Lactobacillus nasalidis) from the fresh forestomach contents of a captive proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in a Japanese zoo. In this study, we isolated two strains of L. nasalidis from the freeze-dried forestomach contents of a wild proboscis monkey inhabiting a riverine forest in Malaysia. The samples had been stored for more than six years. Phenotypic analysis showed that strains isolated from the wild individual had more diverse sugar utilization and lower salt tolerance than strains previously isolated from the captive counterpart. These phenotypic differences are most likely induced by feeding conditions; wild individuals consume a wide variety of natural food, unlike their zoo-raised counterparts that consume formula feed with sodium sufficiency. Since 16s rRNA sequences of L. nasalidis were detected in the previously created 16S rRNA libraries of wild, provisioned, and captive proboscis monkeys in Malaysia and Japan, L. nasalidis may be an essential bacterium of the foregut microbial community of the proboscis monkey. The currently established method for the isolation of gut bacteria from freeze-dried samples under storage will be applicable to many already-stored precious samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gut Microbiota)
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16 pages, 3353 KB  
Article
New Insights on the Evolution of the Sweet Taste Receptor of Primates Adapted to Harsh Environments
by Nur Aida Md Tamrin, Ramlah Zainudin, Yuzine Esa, Halimah Alias, Mohd Noor Mat Isa, Laurence Croft and Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah
Animals 2020, 10(12), 2359; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122359 - 10 Dec 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4195
Abstract
Taste perception is an essential function that provides valuable dietary and sensory information, which is crucial for the survival of animals. Studies into the evolution of the sweet taste receptor gene (TAS1R2) are scarce, especially for Bornean endemic primates such as [...] Read more.
Taste perception is an essential function that provides valuable dietary and sensory information, which is crucial for the survival of animals. Studies into the evolution of the sweet taste receptor gene (TAS1R2) are scarce, especially for Bornean endemic primates such as Nasalis larvatus (proboscis monkey), Pongo pygmaeus (Bornean orangutan), and Hylobates muelleri (Muller’s Bornean gibbon). Primates are the perfect taxa to study as they are diverse dietary feeders, comprising specialist folivores, frugivores, gummivores, herbivores, and omnivores. We constructed phylogenetic trees of the TAS1R2 gene for 20 species of anthropoid primates using four different methods (neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony, maximum-likelihood, and Bayesian) and also established the time divergence of the phylogeny. The phylogeny successfully separated the primates into their taxonomic groups as well as by their dietary preferences. Of note, the reviewed time of divergence estimation for the primate speciation pattern in this study was more recent than the previously published estimates. It is believed that this difference may be due to environmental changes, such as food scarcity and climate change, during the late Miocene epoch, which forced primates to change their dietary preferences. These findings provide a starting point for further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ecology and Conservation)
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