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Keywords = pricing of optical network services

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19 pages, 391 KiB  
Article
On Nash Equilibria in Non-Cooperative All-Optical Networks
by Vittorio Bilò, Michele Flammini and Luca Moscardelli
Algorithms 2021, 14(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/a14010015 - 9 Jan 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2377
Abstract
We consider the problem of determining a routing in all-optical networks, in which some couples of nodes want to communicate. In particular, we study this problem from the point of view of a network provider that has to design suitable payment functions for [...] Read more.
We consider the problem of determining a routing in all-optical networks, in which some couples of nodes want to communicate. In particular, we study this problem from the point of view of a network provider that has to design suitable payment functions for non-cooperative agents, corresponding to the couples of nodes wishing to communicate. The network provider aims at inducing stable routings (i.e., routings corresponding to Nash equilibria) using a low number of wavelengths. We consider three different kinds of local knowledge that agents may exploit to compute their payments, leading to three corresponding information levels. Under complete information, the network provider can design a payment function, inducing the agents to reach a Nash equilibrium mirroring any desired routing. If the price to an agent is computed only as a function of the wavelengths used along connecting paths (minimal level) or edges (intermediate level), the most reasonable functions either do not admit Nash equilibria or admit very inefficient ones, i.e., with the largest possible price of anarchy. However, by suitably restricting the network topology, a constant price of anarchy for chains and rings and a logarithmic one for trees can be obtained under the minimal and intermediate levels, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algorithmic Game Theory 2020)
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14 pages, 869 KiB  
Article
Simultaneous Transmission of Photonic Services over One Fiber with an ITU 100 GHz Grid
by Tomas Horvath, Petr Munster, Josef Vojtech and Vladimir Smotlacha
Sensors 2019, 19(7), 1601; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19071601 - 2 Apr 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4039
Abstract
The increasing interest in distributed sensors and the decreasing price of optical components have led to leveraging the use of existing fiber in deployments over optical networks and more application possibilities (from seismic activity measurement to perimeter protection and tunnel fire detection). Because [...] Read more.
The increasing interest in distributed sensors and the decreasing price of optical components have led to leveraging the use of existing fiber in deployments over optical networks and more application possibilities (from seismic activity measurement to perimeter protection and tunnel fire detection). Because of the possibility of data interference in single fibers, dark fibers are used. On the one hand, optical networks are able to transfer popular services, such as streaming and data transmission, and on the other hand, special advanced services such as an accurate time, a stable frequency, and high-power optical sensor signals can be provided. In our work, we address the simultaneous transmission of an accurate time, 100 G data, and a high-power optical sensor based on Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer ( Φ -OTDR). The measurement setup consists of the optical fiber G.652 (7 km), G.653 (7 km), and G.655 (10 km) and a combination of G.652D + G.653 (14 km). Moreover, we also provide results for their combination. The services were transferred in single fiber with an ITU 100 GHz channel spacing grid. We performed a set of measurements with an evaluation of the BER value for data transmission affected by a high-power sensor system and accurate time values. The results confirmed our assumptions that 100 GHz spacing is not large enough, especially with the increasing power level of the sensor system. The main aim of the article is to determine whether data are disturbed with normal 100 GHz channel spacing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue I3S 2018 Selected Papers)
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