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Keywords = poplar catkin

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12 pages, 3533 KiB  
Article
Biomass Chitosan-Based Tubular/Sheet Superhydrophobic Aerogels Enable Efficient Oil/Water Separation
by Wenhui Wang, Jia-Horng Lin, Jiali Guo, Rui Sun, Guangting Han, Fudi Peng, Shan Chi and Ting Dong
Gels 2023, 9(4), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9040346 - 18 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2306
Abstract
Water pollution, which is caused by leakage of oily substances, has been recognized as one of the most serious global environmental pollutions endangering the ecosystem. High-quality porous materials with superwettability, which are typically constructed in the form of aerogels, hold huge potential in [...] Read more.
Water pollution, which is caused by leakage of oily substances, has been recognized as one of the most serious global environmental pollutions endangering the ecosystem. High-quality porous materials with superwettability, which are typically constructed in the form of aerogels, hold huge potential in the field of adsorption and removal of oily substances form water. Herein, we developed a facile strategy to fabricate a novel biomass absorbent with a layered tubular/sheet structure for efficient oil/water separation. The aerogels were fabricated by assembling hollow poplar catkin fiber into chitosan sheets using a directional freeze-drying method. The obtained aerogels were further wrapped with -CH3-ended siloxane structures using CH3SiCl3. This superhydrophobic aerogel (CA ≈ 154 ± 0.4°) could rapidly trap and remove oils from water with a large sorption range of 33.06–73.22 g/g. The aerogel facilitated stable oil recovery (90.07–92.34%) by squeezing after 10 sorption-desorption cycles because of its mechanical robustness (91.76% strain remaining after 50 compress-release cycles). The novel design, low cost, and sustainability of the aerogel provide an efficient and environmentally friendly solution for handling oil spills. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gels for Removal and Adsorption)
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15 pages, 8857 KiB  
Article
The Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Poplar Catkin Fibers Evaluated by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Nanoindentation
by Yan Wu, Xinyu Wu, Tianlin Shi, Hong Chen, Hankun Wang, Meng Sun and Jilei Zhang
Forests 2019, 10(11), 938; https://doi.org/10.3390/f10110938 - 23 Oct 2019
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4468
Abstract
In this study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of poplar (Populus tomentosa) catkin fibers (PCFs) were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction, and nanoindentation methods. Experimental results indicated that PCFs had a thin-wall cell [...] Read more.
In this study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of poplar (Populus tomentosa) catkin fibers (PCFs) were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction, and nanoindentation methods. Experimental results indicated that PCFs had a thin-wall cell structure with a large cell lumen and the hollow part of the cell wall took up 80 percent of the whole cell wall. The average diameters of the fiber and cell lumen, and the cell wall thickness were 5.2, 4.2, and 0.5 µm, respectively. The crystallinity of fibers was 32%. The AFM images showed that the orientation of microfibrils in cell walls was irregular and their average diameters were almost between 20.6–20.8 nm after being treated with 2 and 5 wt.% potassium hydroxide (KOH), respectively. According to the test of nanoindentation, the average longitudinal-reduced elastic modulus of the PCF S2 layer was 5.28 GPa and the hardness was 0.25 GPa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wood Productions and Renewable Materials)
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14 pages, 7930 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Nanocellulose Aerogel from the Poplar (Populus tomentosa) Catkin Fiber
by Yan Wu, Meng Sun, Xinyu Wu, Tianlin Shi, Hong Chen and Hankun Wang
Forests 2019, 10(9), 749; https://doi.org/10.3390/f10090749 - 1 Sep 2019
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4305
Abstract
The effects of chemical pretreatment on the purification of poplar (Populus tomentosa) catkin fiber and the effect of ultrasonic time for the microfibrillarization of poplar catkin fiber (PCF) were studied. The nanocellulose aerogels were prepared by freeze drying the cellulose solutions. [...] Read more.
The effects of chemical pretreatment on the purification of poplar (Populus tomentosa) catkin fiber and the effect of ultrasonic time for the microfibrillarization of poplar catkin fiber (PCF) were studied. The nanocellulose aerogels were prepared by freeze drying the cellulose solutions. The density, porosity, micro morphology, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the aerogels were analyzed. It was found that the dewaxing time of PCF is shorter than that of unsonicated nanocellulose. After the treatment of 0.5 wt% sodium chlorite for 2 h, the lignin of PCF was removed. After the chemical purification, the PCF was treated with 2 and 5 wt% NaOH solution and ultrasonicated for 5 and 10 min, respectively. When the ultrasonic time was 10 min, the diameter of the nanocellulose was 20–25 nm. When the ultrasonic time was 5 min, the aerogels with porous honeycomb structure can be prepared by using the nanocellulose sol of PCF as raw material. The density of the aerogels was only 0.3–0.4 mg/cm3 and the porosities of the aerogels were all larger than 99%. The difference between the pyrolysis temperature of aerogels was small, the elastic modulus of aerogels was 30–52 kPa, and the compressive strength was 22–27 kPa. With the increase of the concentration of NaOH solution (5 wt%) and ultrasonic time (10 min), the elastic modulus of aerogels increased gradually and reached the maximum value of 52 kPa, while the compressive strength reached the maximum value of 27 kPa when the PCF being treated in 5 wt% NaOH solution and was ultrasonicated for 5 min. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wood Productions and Renewable Materials)
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9 pages, 2894 KiB  
Article
Biomass Waste Inspired Highly Porous Carbon for High Performance Lithium/Sulfur Batteries
by Yan Zhao, Jun Ren, Taizhe Tan, Moulay-Rachid Babaa, Zhumabay Bakenov, Ning Liu and Yongguang Zhang
Nanomaterials 2017, 7(9), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano7090260 - 6 Sep 2017
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 6220
Abstract
The synthesis of highly porous carbon (HPC) materials from poplar catkin by KOH chemical activation and hydrothermal carbonization as a conductive additive to a lithium-sulfur cathode is reported. Elemental sulfur was composited with as-prepared HPC through a melt diffusion method to form a [...] Read more.
The synthesis of highly porous carbon (HPC) materials from poplar catkin by KOH chemical activation and hydrothermal carbonization as a conductive additive to a lithium-sulfur cathode is reported. Elemental sulfur was composited with as-prepared HPC through a melt diffusion method to form a S/HPC nanocomposite. Structure and morphology characterization revealed a hierarchically sponge-like structure of HPC with high pore volume (0.62 cm3∙g−1) and large specific surface area (1261.7 m2∙g−1). When tested in Li/S batteries, the resulting compound demonstrated excellent cycling stability, delivering a second-specific capacity of 1154 mAh∙g−1 as well as presenting 74% retention of value after 100 cycles at 0.1 C. Therefore, the porous structure of HPC plays an important role in enhancing electrochemical properties, which provides conditions for effective charge transfer and effective trapping of soluble polysulfide intermediates, and remarkably improves the electrochemical performance of S/HPC composite cathodes. Full article
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