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Keywords = popcorn calcification

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14 pages, 8482 KB  
Review
Calcified Lung Nodules: A Diagnostic Challenge in Clinical Daily Practice
by Elisa Baratella, Marianna Carbi, Pierluca Minelli, Antonio Segalotti, Barbara Ruaro, Francesco Salton, Roberta Polverosi and Maria Assunta Cova
Tomography 2025, 11(3), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography11030028 - 2 Mar 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 13896
Abstract
Calcified lung nodules are frequently encountered on chest imaging, often as incidental findings. While calcifications are typically associated with benign conditions, they do not inherently exclude malignancy, making accurate differentiation essential. The primary diagnostic challenge lies in distinguishing benign from malignant nodules based [...] Read more.
Calcified lung nodules are frequently encountered on chest imaging, often as incidental findings. While calcifications are typically associated with benign conditions, they do not inherently exclude malignancy, making accurate differentiation essential. The primary diagnostic challenge lies in distinguishing benign from malignant nodules based solely on imaging features. Various calcification patterns, including diffuse, popcorn, lamellated and eccentric, provide important diagnostic clues, though overlap among different conditions may persist. A comprehensive diagnostic approach integrates clinical history with multimodal imaging, including magnetic resonance and nuclear medicine, when necessary, to improve accuracy. When imaging findings remain inconclusive, tissue sampling through biopsy may be required for definitive characterization. This review provides an overview of the imaging features of calcified lung nodules, emphasizing key diagnostic challenges and their clinical implications. Full article
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15 pages, 21866 KB  
Article
A Founder Intronic Variant in P3H1 Likely Results in Aberrant Splicing and Protein Truncation in Patients of Karen Descent with Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type VIII
by Piranit Nik Kantaputra, Salita Angkurawaranon, Worrachet Intachai, Chumpol Ngamphiw, Bjorn Olsen, Sissades Tongsima, Timothy C. Cox and James R. Ketudat Cairns
Genes 2023, 14(2), 322; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14020322 - 26 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2682
Abstract
One of the most important steps in post-translational modifications of collagen type I chains is the hydroxylation of carbon-3 of proline residues by prolyl-3-hydroxylase-1 (P3H1). Genetic variants in P3H1 have been reported to cause autosomal recessive osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type VIII. Clinical and [...] Read more.
One of the most important steps in post-translational modifications of collagen type I chains is the hydroxylation of carbon-3 of proline residues by prolyl-3-hydroxylase-1 (P3H1). Genetic variants in P3H1 have been reported to cause autosomal recessive osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type VIII. Clinical and radiographic examinations, whole-exome sequencing (WES), and bioinformatic analysis were performed in 11 Thai children of Karen descent affected by multiple bone fractures. Clinical and radiographic findings in these patients fit OI type VIII. Phenotypic variability is evident. WES identified an intronic homozygous variant (chr1:43212857A > G; NM_022356.4:c.2055 + 86A > G) in P3H1 in all patients, with parents in each patient being heterozygous for the variant. This variant is predicted to generate a new “CAG” splice acceptor sequence, resulting in the incorporation of an extra exon that leads to a frameshift in the final exon and subsequent non-functional P3H1 isoform a. Alternative splicing of P3H1 resulting in the absence of functional P3H1 caused OI type VIII in 11 Thai children of Karen descent. This variant appears to be specific to the Karen population. Our study emphasizes the significance of considering intronic variants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Human Genomics and Genetic Diseases)
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