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Keywords = pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase

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18 pages, 3145 KiB  
Article
Differential Gene Profiling of the Heartwood Formation Process in Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata Xylem Tissues
by Ting-Feng Yeh, Jui-Hua Chu, Li-Yuan Liu and Shih-Yin Chen
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(3), 960; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030960 - 31 Jan 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3355
Abstract
Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides) is an important tree species in Taiwan because of the excellent properties of its wood and fascinating color qualities of its heartwood (HW), as well as the bioactive compounds therein. However, limited information is available as to the [...] Read more.
Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides) is an important tree species in Taiwan because of the excellent properties of its wood and fascinating color qualities of its heartwood (HW), as well as the bioactive compounds therein. However, limited information is available as to the HW formation of this species. The objective of this research is to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the HW formation process from specific Taiwania xylem tissues, and to obtain genes that might be closely associated with this process. The results indicated that our analyses have captured DEGs representative to the HW formation process of Taiwania. DEGs related to the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway were all up-regulated in the transition zone (TZ) to support the biosynthesis and accumulation of terpenoids. Many DEGs related to lignin biosynthesis, and two DEGs related to pinoresinol reductase (PrR)/pinoresinol lariciresinol reductase (PLR), were up-regulated in TZ. These DEGs together are likely involved in providing the precursors for the subsequent lignan biosynthesis. Several transcription factor-, nuclease-, and protease-encoding DEGs were also highly expressed in TZ, and these DEGs might be involved in the regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis and the autolysis of the cellular components of ray parenchyma cells in TZ. These results provide further insights into the process of HW formation in Taiwania. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Woody Formation and Lignin Biosynthesis in Plants)
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17 pages, 4001 KiB  
Article
Insights into Lignan Composition and Biosynthesis in Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.)
by Xuan Xu, Cédric Guignard, Jenny Renaut, Jean-Francois Hausman, Edoardo Gatti, Stefano Predieri and Gea Guerriero
Molecules 2019, 24(21), 3863; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213863 - 26 Oct 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 7381
Abstract
Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) has been used as herbal medicine to treat various ailments since ancient times. The biological activity of nettle is chiefly attributed to a large group of phenylpropanoid dimers, namely lignans. Despite the pharmacological importance of nettle lignans, [...] Read more.
Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) has been used as herbal medicine to treat various ailments since ancient times. The biological activity of nettle is chiefly attributed to a large group of phenylpropanoid dimers, namely lignans. Despite the pharmacological importance of nettle lignans, there are no studies addressing lignan biosynthesis in this plant. We herein identified 14 genes encoding dirigent proteins (UdDIRs) and 3 pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase genes (UdPLRs) in nettle, which are two gene families known to be associated with lignan biosynthesis. Expression profiling of these genes on different organs/tissues revealed a specific expression pattern. Particularly, UdDIR7, 12 and 13 displayed a remarkable high expression in the top internode, fibre tissues of bottom internodes and roots, respectively. The relatively high expression of UdPLR1 and UdPLR2 in the young internodes, core tissue of bottom internode and roots is consistent with the high accumulation of lariciresinol and secoisolariciresinol in these tissues. Lignan quantification showed a high abundance of pinoresinol in roots and pinoresinol diglucosides in young internodes and leaves. This study sheds light on lignan composition and biosynthesis in nettle, providing a good basis for further functional analysis of DIRs and PLRs and, ultimately, engineering lignan metabolism in planta and in cell cultures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lignans II)
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